Operation Management of Nike Essay - 2231 Words

Operation management Nikes Operations management concerned about forecasting, controlling, designing, operating, and scheduling business operations in the production of Nike foot ware. Its excellent management that has been developed and ameliorated during the long term operation has enabled that business operations to be efficient and at the same time using as few resources as required. It is also effective in terms of satisfying customer demands, and thus it has become one of the key issue that Nike develop prosperously despite the fierce competitions with other foot ware giants such as Adidas, Reebok, Puma, etc. The operation management system includes manufacturing and production systems, equipment maintenance management,†¦show more content†¦A comprehensive monitoring tools were developed based on this management regulation. They hired compliance specialists in order to help, estimate and monitor all the contract factories in 51 different countries and conducted factory audits. The method h elped increase the companys reputation, added glory to the brand, and as a result become incentive of sales. The protection to worker is not only humanistic but also beneficial to the company. With the increase of staff salary, some of them would be more willing to buy Nike products that they may not be able to buy before, and may be more willing to promote the brand to their friends and relatives. Nike is almost a virtual company, as the company itself doesnt produce a single pair of shoes itself. All of the production activities, from design, production, storage to sales, are outsourced to the contract companies. However, it is the spirit, and the head quarter of the whole production. Such management strategy has greatly reduced labour cost, and this is one of the major reason why Nike shoes can compete with other famous or local foot ware brands at a relative low cost. Hence, the core competivity of the virtual company is its management. Through ameliorating itsShow MoreRelatedNike s Global Supply Chain Problem1072 Words   |  5 PagesNike’s global supply chain problem. Nike had encountered problems with the management of their global supply chain in the past. Nike is an iconic footwear and apparel manufacturer that operates in over 180 countries with reported revenues of $25.3 billion in 2013. Nike currently has 719 factories, employing 990,325 workers in 44 countries around the world. It is the world’s leading manufacturer and seller of athletic apparel and sports equipment. It takes its name from the Greek goddess of victoryRead MoreA Critical Tool Of Human Resource Management For Lean Manufacturing At Nike824 Words   |  4 PagesAs a critical tool of Human resource management for lean manufacturing at Nike, it helps to utilize their labor force’s continuous improvement by providing practices. The management at form of standardized CI such as quality award, institute improvement, external benchmarking programs. Additionally, Nike’s scoring card established to ensure all staffs by performing at Nike’s standards. Thoug h this new standard of factory self-governance, Nike is allowed for notifying their essential attention andRead MoreThe Main Influences On Operation Management1112 Words   |  5 PagesOperations management is an area of management concerned with overseeing, designing, and controlling the process of production and redesigning business operations in the production of goods or services. The main influences on operation management include; ï  ¶ Globalisation ï  ¶ Technology ï  ¶ Quality expectation ï  ¶ Cost-based competition ï  ¶ Government policies ï  ¶ Legal regulation ï  ¶ Environmental sustainability ï  ¶ Cooperate social responsibility (CSR) Globalisation Globalisation is the change in a businessRead MoreStrategic Management And Strategic Competitiveness1190 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND STRATEGIC COMPETITIVENESS 1 Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness Assignment 1 Gary Hobbs Strayer University BUS 499 - Business Administration Capstone Professor Kristina Barnes October 15, 2015 STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND STRATEGIC COMPETITIVENESS 5 Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness The paper that I m writing will help you to gain information on how Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness play handRead MoreNike Macro Environmental Analysis Essay699 Words   |  3 PagesPA1: Nike - Environmental Marketing Analysis Mahendranath Gunti BUS 510 - Marketing Management Westcliff University Instructor: Dr. Geraldine Goodstone Nike is a global brand headquartered in the United States, Europe, and the Asia Pacific region, specialized in the manufacturing of athletic apparel, footwear, accessories and equipment. Nike products can be found in over 20,000 retail stores. This paper focuses on the six macroeconomic factors (political, Economic, Social, Technology, LegalRead MoreStrategic Management And Strategic Competitiveness1133 Words   |  5 PagesStrategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness The paper that I’m writing will help you to gain information on how Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness play hand and hand when dealing with a business. The business that I have choose to write about is Nike. I have always wanted to know the practices that Nike used in order to make their business last this long and how have they been so successful. I will explain to you how globalization and technology changes have helped or hurtRead MoreNike Marketing Plan Essay1675 Words   |  7 Pagesendeavors to recommend a viable marketing plan for the footwear giant, Nike. The plan has been adequately substantiated with thorough research on different factors affecting the firm along with various ways of addressing future challenges. This research paper highlights that Nike is confronted with multifarious issues which need to be negotiated amicably. Result of the study concludes that there is still a world waiting for the Nike to be exploited, outsmarting its competit ors employing its innovativeRead MoreNike CSR Analysis1581 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ CSR Analysis and Impact on Operations Nike has a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that includes its commitment to the environment and is a signatory of the UN Global Compact. Nike has created a team of sustainability managers led by an independent director. Its environmental goals include producing eco-friendly products and minimizing its environmental impact through the reduction of greenhouse gases, organic solvents and PVCs. Nike acknowledges the difficulty of tracking environmentalRead MoreCorporate Governance of Nike1748 Words   |  7 Pagesincrease its capital is a corporation. There are also non-profit corporations organized for religious, educational, charitable or public service purposes. One of the corporations are the â€Å"Nike, Inc† which in other words can be said a company. And what here will be discussed the process how a corporate body that is Nike governs, ethic of it and the corporate responsibility of it upon the business world and balance of interest of the stakeholders such as Government, Employees, Customers, Suppliers, CreditorsRead MoreThe Supply Sequence Management ( Scm ) Along With Erp Software Implementation1653 Words   |  7 Pagesalong with Demand Setting up software setup at Nike, a respected Footwear along with Apparel company. The case traces the history of supply chain along with ERP software implementation in Nike along with presents the explanation behind his or her implementation. It particulars the conditions that led to the SCM software implementation failure and as well examines the actual steps consumed by Nike to system. Finally, the case explores precisely how Nike was able to use the training from the actual failure

Race Essay Example - 1110 Words

After a running the Killington Beast both Saturday Sunday just last weekend, I was looking forward to a nice and flat Super Sprint. †¢ Registration and Festival: Registration, wasn’t as fast as it was the week before, but it still moved quickly. I am loving the bar-code system and no longer having to complete paper waivers. The festival area was large and for the turnout they had on both Saturday Sunday, the extra space came in handy. Even though the area was large, everything still was set up well and easy to locate. †¢ Pre-race MC: The MC, was John â€Å"JJ† O’Malley who is a former contestant on the TV show The Biggest Loser. He was also the MC the previous weekend in Vermont and I wasn’t that happy with him, but this weekend,†¦show more content†¦They did have a lot water stations though so that helped combat the heat and potential of dehydration all day. When I first arrived at the venue and saw an abundance of obstacles set up around the festival area, I feared the course would be almost all trails and a massive gauntlet of obstacles at the end, but as mentioned above, that wasn’t the case at all. Garfield and his team utilized a clover style layout that had racers enter and exit the festival area several times. This style of course is great for friends, family, and spectators to get to watch loved ones and friends complete a lot of the obstacles. The course still did have a mini gauntlet of obstacles at the end of the both the Super and Sprint as the course exited the woods its last time and came to: Twister, Olympus, the Spear Toss, the A-Frame cargo net climb, and finally, the fire jump all almost all back-to-back-to-back. The courses included most of the obstacles Spartan racers have seen at every event in 2017, but they did have a twist with the Hay Pyramid, as this was the first time (I hope not the only time) that I have seen a Spartan team stack haybales on top of each other like a pyramid. The second I saw this obstacle, I knew it was something Garfield designed and laughed as I thought about how much he probably had to contend with to get the obstacle approved. The Sprint also included the following obstacles:Show MoreRelatedThe Critical Race Theory Essay example1878 Words   |  8 Pages We live in a society where race is seen as a vital part of our personalities, the lack of racial identity is very often an important factor which prevent people from not having their own identity (Omi Winant, 1993). Racism is extemely ingrained in our society and it seems ordinary (Delgado Stefanic, 2000), however, many people denounce the expression of any racist belief as immoral (Miles Brown, 2003) highlighting the complicated nature of racism. Critical Race Theory tries to shed light onRead MoreRace and The NFL Quarterback Essay examples1474 Words   |  6 PagesBlack, White or whatever people want to call other people it doesn’t matter because as Brown, T. says â€Å"There’s No Race on the Playing Field† At the elite level of sports the ability of the person playing no matter the sport or the position is what is in question d ay to day and game to game. However, ability to play the position and being athletic and playing the position are not to be confused. The ability to play a position will allow a player to play a sport for as long as the athlete can playRead More humor race and misunderstanding Essay examples807 Words   |  4 Pages Humor, Race and Misunderstanding â€Å"Comedy is simply a funny way of being serious.† Peter Ustinov nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In â€Å"On Being Crazy†, DuBois defines crazy as behavior based on illogical perceptions. Both the narrator and wayfarer agree that the wayfarer walking in the mud and becoming muddy rather than walk along side a dirty nigger who is clean is crazy. DuBois illustrates that society prefers to cut off its nose to spite its face instead of fixing the nose. Twain builds much ofRead More Race and Representation in the Film Jedda Essay examples876 Words   |  4 PagesRace and Representation in the Film Jedda Jedda, Australia’s first colour film, created in 1955 by Charles Chauvel deals with an Aboriginal child adopted by a white grazing family. As she grows up, Jedda is tempted more and more to return to her people. Seduced by the wild Marbuck, she partakes in the films tragedy, played out against a spectacular landscape. This essay seeks to discuss the representations of the Australian landscape as portrayed in the film Jedda, highlighting the useRead More The Issue of Race in Othello Essay examples3237 Words   |  13 PagesThe Issue of Race in Othello    In his production of Othello for BBC television (1981), Jonathan Miller asserted that Othellos race does not greatly impact his downfall in the play.   He maintains that while Shakespeare touches upon the issue of race, the cause of Othellos demise lies elsewhere.1   However, the implications of race in the play directly lead to its tragic ending; it is this issue that impels the characters to set the tragedy in motion.   Brabantio would never revolt against theRead More Mark Twains The Damned Human Race Essay examples699 Words   |  3 PagesMark Twains The Damned Human Race Within his essay of The Damned Human Race, author Mark Twain powerfully declares that the human race is both flawed and corrupt, and that people actually should be classified as lower animals rather than the formerly known higher animals. Twain does not hold claim to a Darwinian or creation standpoint, but rather draws conclusions from his own observations in performed experiments. He states that man is the cruel animal, and that we can attribute thisRead MoreRace, a Never Ending Problem Essay example1076 Words   |  5 Pagescharacter of a person. Those citizens along with their representative are extremely judgmental. Due to the effects of racial segregation Mama states that the homes that are specifically meant for African Americans are overpriced. This shows that because of race those who sell and rent homes calculate ridiculous prices with the plans on preventing lower-middle class African Americans from migrating to their area. Lastly, the next member of the Younger family wh o has dealt with some sort of discrimination andRead MoreNo Clear-cut Race in Society Essay examples530 Words   |  3 PagesThe idea of race in society is truly that; an idea. However, one of the first things one notices about another human is their perceived race. Often, incorrect assumptions are made about a person, based on his race. In addition, many believe race can be determined by biological factors. However, there is no biological basis to race. Without a doubt, genes play a role in our skin, hair, and eye color; however, there are not certain genes present in an entire race and not another. Race is not clearRead MoreGender, Race and Disney Princesses Essay examples1041 Words   |  5 Pages The first princess, Snow White, was created in a time where each gender and race had a specific role in society. Recently, many believe that Disney has come a long way in regards to gender and race since Snow White, as several multi-cultural protagonists have been introduced subseque ntly, and gender roles do not appear to be as stereotypical as they once were. However, many of the apparent innocent messages about race and gender in these movies, can be exposed as otherwise. Despite their mask ofRead MoreRace and Poverty: The Power of White Privilege Essay examples686 Words   |  3 Pagessociety many people believe that racism doesn’t exist. However, there is this unspoken advantage that whites are given called privilege, which is something that gives them a step ahead in society. Tim Wise talks about it in the video using specific examples to back up his point that white privilege is so prevalent and how others don’t even recognize that it is a serious issue. A study that was done in 2006, showed that out of 100 white people that were asked only 6% of those people thought that racial

Socrates Plato Maimonides And Aristotle Education Essay Free Essays

Socrates was an intelligent adult male who idealized the hunt for truth and justness. I love the manner he would inquire inquiries in order to encompass others with cognition of the encompassing universe. Socrates used what we call inductive logical thinking. We will write a custom essay sample on Socrates Plato Maimonides And Aristotle Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Inductive logical thinking agencies that from all the fact we get replies. He believed that adult male was capable of geting at truth through the usage of ground. He besides linked cognition to happiness. He believed that cognition or penetrations was the foundation of virtuousness and felicity. The Socratic Method is a method of look intoing jobs through duologue treatment in a schoolroom a instructor can let a pupil to believe critically and engraft the Socratic Method. The pupils will larn as the instructor keeps on inquiring inquiries. The instructor analyzes some of the possible effect of the pupil ‘s comments. The accent is upon the believing procedure of the pupil, who must believe for himself and accept the effects of his logic. I have tried the Socratic method with my kindergarten category. The topic was to jump count by two ‘s and my pupils were able to reply my Socratic based inquiries good. Besides, in learning we should direct the pupil into the right reply instead than stating him the right reply. With the Socratic Method the instructor does non state the pupil the proper reply ; the instructor should pull the pupil to the likely reply. I believe that pupils can utilize their encephalons and be challenged on an mundane footing. This manner so the pupil learns when he discovers the true generalisation through his logical thinking procedures. Farnaz Lavianlivi Professor Garelick 10/30/09 Plato Plato was the first philosopher in instruction. He was influenced by Pythagoreans and believed that Mathematical apprehension can act upon apprehension of the universe. He believed that math was the footing of the universe. He mentions that if people do non understand math so they should non be allowed in his school. Plato demonstrated that pedagogues have deep attention for the wellbeing and hereafter of their pupils. I found Plato really influential because he besides mentions in differing educational demands is needed with assorted life phases. Plato references that each and every individual is different and needs degrees of instruction, understanding and concluding. We as instructors know that every kid can larn otherwise. Some kids have knowledge in some topographic points where others do n’t and frailty versa. In every schoolroom at that place will ever be pupils that are non traveling to be on the same degree as other pupils. I think that pupils who are making ill in the category or have a certain disablement should be placed with pupils that are stand outing in the schoolroom. In add-on, the instructor may desire to hold the pupils who are holding trouble sitting in forepart of the category and pay closer attending to the lesson. The instructor should besides hold group undertakings more frequently, because it may be easier for pupils who are holding troubles in the surveies to larn and understand better. I think that group work is really of import in kids ‘s development. Group work gives kids abilities to socialise and place themselves as a portion of a group. I think that math should be the foundation of the pupils school work. Plato was a strong truster in this and so am I. I think that mathematics is a portion of mundane life and should be incorporated in mundane lessons. Farnaz Lavianlivi Professor Garelick 11/3/09 Aristotle Aristotle was a scientist. He explained that cognition is gained by esthesis. He mentioned that when people experience something they are able think about it, retrieve it and how it alters their life. He states that we abstract things and we take it within ourselves. In add-on, Aristotle believed that people should believe for themselves and develop thoughts on their ain. The importance of instruction in the doctrine of Aristotle was great and believed that we could larn to utilize our ground to get at virtuousness and felicity, merely through the procedure of instruction. Aristotle placed habit high in the acquisition procedure. Aristotle thinks that adult male learns by nature, wont, and ground. In my schoolroom I as the Pre-k instructor would form stuffs harmonizing to the Torahs of ground. I would seek to do the schoolroom every bit natural as I can. I would integrate existent life state of affairs through drama. For illustration, when learning math-addition or minus, you can convey different things in similar confects and really demo the pupils with the confects how to add and how to deduct. In the play centre, I would do a food market shop and allow the kids add up different points. For illustration, A bag of murphy french friess cost a penny and if they brought two how much money would they necessitate? It will be easier for the kid to hold on instead than merely giving them a press release. Besides, insistent drill would be used to reenforce what was understood by ground. I would besides integrate in my schoolroom positive support. I would prom ote my pupils to dispute themselves on an mundane footing. Farnaz Lavianlivi Professor Garelick 11/16/09 Rabbi moses ben maimons Maimonides was born in Spain ( 1135-1204 ) . He did non desire to learn and acquire paid for it so he chose to go a physician. He respected and treated everyone every bit as a doctor. As for instruction he said that we should take high on our ends. He besides states that a lazy instructor is a dishonest instructor. He believed that motive besides plays a large function in acquiring pupils to larn. Maimonides brings a really of import affair in a schoolroom. The schoolrooms should non be overcrowded. He was the first philosopher to explicate that if there are more than 25 pupils at that place should be a instructor helper in the schoolroom. Students need individualised attending in a schoolroom. This to Maimonides was critical because pupils need to hold the instructor ‘s attending in order to win the schoolroom. This manner a pupil will experience of import and will be able to larn and derive more out of the lesson if the instructor is paying attending to each person. If the schoolroom is overcrowded non every individual pupil will acquire the attending they deserve. Maimonides thought that kids will larn when instructors use positive support. In add-on, in the schoolroom you may desire to hold spines or ice lollies for childs who participate in category as a good incentive to acquire pupils to take part. Rabbi moses ben maimons thought that the instruction of the organic structure and the psyche is really of import. He besides thought that the pedagogue needs to be knowing and moral. I believe that a instructor does necessitate the cognition and ethical motives to learn. She/ he needs to be ready and cognize the reply to their pupil ‘s inquiries. Maimonides thought that kids need to socialise and larn. Integrating Maimonides thoughts on instruction, I would make more group work so my pupils will be able to larn and turn from each other. How to cite Socrates Plato Maimonides And Aristotle Education Essay, Essay examples

Common Characteristics of an Organization Paper free essay sample

Organizations have things in common but they are not all alike. Whether they are work organizations or non-profit organizations, they do share common characteristics. These characteristics include a system, rules, roles, hierarchy, norms, similarity, status, networks, and organizational culture. I have been given the chance to work in both types of organizations, but the one I see more of these characteristics shine through is the non-profit organization I’ve volunteered at for almost 10 years now. The Armenian Youth Federation (AYF) is a grassroots organization, which started for the Armenian youth by the youth in the diaspora to build a better bridge with the homeland. It also strives to advance the goals for a free, independent and united Armenia. The organization, as a whole, is made up of individuals all over the world with each different country having their own chapter. On the west coast of the United States there are 14 different chapters, the Hollywood chapter being one of them, my chapter. Our chapter is made up of youth living in the Hollywood/Los Angeles area. Culture is a huge part of this non-profit because that is the basis and the platform it was started on. It is a cultural organization where the youth comes together to work together in an effort to achieve positive goals for the community. Since the organization is based on the Armenian culture, it brings in many different aspects like tradition and other norms of the Armenian society. Understand the culture to understand the organization, states Edgar Schein, the noted MIT professor of organizational development and culture. Culture permeates your company and defines what you and your organization stand for. † (Burley, Demand Media) The AYF has members who have learned the norms of the organization from their own families and their own Armenian surroundings. Rules and systems are two important concepts to this theory, which are the same two concepts important to the organization this group is apart of. The communication theory, which explains this group the best, would be Structuration Theory, â€Å"the general framework that explains how people structure their groups by making active use of rules and resources. † (Beebe Masterson, p. 44) Individuals just joining the group, already have a set out system in which all the rules and procedures of meetings are written out and available for reference. Each individual is taught these rules through educationals and through hands on experiences working as a team. The organizations system for each chapter was to have a group of members with an executive body, who would be in charge of that group and their activities throughout the year. There needed to be a chair, secretary, and treasurer for the chapters to be functioning. Each position was essential to a functioning chapter. Without a strong chairperson, leadership would fail in the chapter. Without an organized secretary, none of the records and work of the chapter would be achieved as well as the treasury. This organization is marked by the process by which they collect, manage, and use information. The organization plays into both informal and formal norms, inside of meetings and out. Since the group members age from 18-26, the young members are just learning about the ways an organization work so a lot of informal norms do play into a lot of the meetings. In a way, it’s better for the chapters to have informal meetings at times because all members feel more comfortable to participate and speak up. Of course, from those informal meetings there come the formal meetings where members hold meetings with higher up organizational members to discuss future goals and plans for the organization. Communication with the organization higher central executive body and the members is formal through emails and the Nexus which is the Internet community built for all members to use and stay in touch. On that Nexus, we can read all correspondence that is sent to us by the central executive, which includes updates on organizational work and community events. There are also chat rooms where members can communicate with one another, more on an informal basis because it is just a chat. All correspondence between chapters and central executive is formal. That way, the organization is taken more seriously not only among the members but also with the rest of the community. Hierarchy within the organization is present and is essential for all work to get completed. The AYF has two central executives for the United States chapters, one on the West coast and one on the East. Above them there is the executive of our father organization, the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF), which have members from the age of 26 and up. Although we are essentially two different organizations, we are all have the same platform and the AYF needs to work with the ARF to have final approval on certain things we would like to do. For example, the AYF cannot plan a protest without the approval of the ARF they will need to make sure that the protest is beneficial for the community and the nation. The central executive of the AYF has their own agenda that is different from the ARF and in turn works off that agenda with the rest of the chapter executives. Each chapter has as mentioned above that consists of a chairperson, secretary, and treasure. Some chapters, depending on the number of members, have advisors on their executive body. Each member in the organization has the same power and is treated the same, no member has a higher power then the rest. The only difference with this executive body is to make sure that the work within the organization is getting done and all members have a voice and are participating. The executive body usually assigned responsibilities within the chapter, as they wanted to make sure that each member had a task to complete. Members from here would take on the responsibility of that task and complete it before the deadline. Of course, there were members who were not as active as other members, which caused a lot of unfinished work within the group. I was faced with a lot of problems with my membership when I was the chair of the Hollywood chapter. Working with members who lacked communication and dedication, made it very difficult to complete almost any task given to the chapter. When facing these problems, it was very hard to not take on every single responsibility because the organization was a learning experience for everyone. If one member failed to do a task, another member was to show them how to complete the task, not do it themselves. If they decided to leave, then the executive body would assign the task to someone else. Responsibility for seeing that these functions are performed rests, on the whole, with the group leader, but each group member also has responsibility to support the leader, to improve their personal group-work skills, and to help the group achieve the best results possible. Which leads us to the discussion of leadership and management in the organization. The chairperson is sought to be the leader of each chapter. They are there to lead the chapter and direct them towards the goals of the organization. They are also the people who members look up to for inspiration and advise. The chairperson has to set a good example to the rest of the chapter, as they will be the ones who are representing their chapter. A member wouldn’t want to be apart of a chapter that has a chairperson they don’t like or respect. This chairperson and executive body also teaches the membership about the rules and norms of the organization and other organization skills that members can take and use outside like at their own jobs. Each chapter faces their own problems and each has their own way of dealing with them. When members do not show up to meetings or lack participation with the chapter, the executive has three steps to follow. The first two is to contact the member and personally ask them to be present at the next meeting. If the member fails to be present, the third step is to send out a self defense, which is a formal meeting with the executive and that member to discuss the next steps of their membership and determine if that member should be kicked out of the organization or not. When facing issues with the chapter, the executive needs to give their membership a chance to voice out their suggestions and their concerns. With that feedback, the executive will need to work together to come up with the solution and take it back to the chapter to vote on. This brings transparency within the organization and chapter members. The Hollywood chapter meets in the city of Los Angeles right in Little Armenia, and this environment influences our chapter much more then any other chapter. Members know the importance of the chapter especially that they are in the part recognized as Little Armenia. Putting together cultural and community events creates a stronger organization for the AYF.

Assessing Ethanol From Cell Wall Polysaccharides Essay Example

Assessing Ethanol From Cell Wall Polysaccharides Essay Example Assessing Ethanol From Cell Wall Polysaccharides Essay Assessing Ethanol From Cell Wall Polysaccharides Essay Introduction With lifting demand for alternate fuels, ethyl alcohol is emerging as a good option for some good grounds more significantly, it can cut down pollution. The major beginning for production of ethyl alcohol is transition of biomass by agitation. Conventionally, ethyl alcohol is made from agitation of Sugarcane or maize. However they are non economical compared with costs of fossil fuels. The recent development is production of ethyl alcohol from cellulose due to copiousness of the later. However, due to legion jobs associated with separation of cellulose, and besides due to high cost involved in hydrolysis, the production is yet to be commercially employed. The Source stuffs may include wood waste, harvest residues and even some grasses. Ethanol is made from the cell wall constituents like cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin. Breakdown of sugar from maize is much easier than the dislocation of sugar from cellulose doing the subsequently more complex. Presently the production employes two methods ; Biochemical and Thermochemical Biochemical involves involves Size decrease of natural stuffs, pretreatment by hydrolysis devising usage of either dilute/ concentrated acid or by doing usage of enzymes for transition of Cellulose to glucose and so agitation of glucose and pentose by barm and/or bacteriums, and so recovery of ethyl alcohol by desiccation. Thermochemical involves heat and chemicals breakdown cellulose to syngas. The gas obtained can be converted into ethanol thourgh pyrolysis. The advantage of thermochemical procedure is over transition of lignin which makes up one tierce of cellulosic provender stock. The procedure involves drying, transition of provender stock to syngas, transition to liquid by pyrolysis, remotion of contaminations anddistillation to take H2O from ethyl alcohol. 2. Beginnings of Cellulose 2.1 Sugar Feedstocks The major sugar provender stock is sugarcane. The other biomass provender stocks rich in sugar includes sorghum, Beta vulgaris, and fruits. Even though it is inexpensive to do ethyl alcohol from sugar, the beginnings are within the human nutrient concatenation and may adversely impact the concatenation if extended production to come into being. 2.2. Starch Feed stocks Another major beginning for ethyl alcohol is starch feedstock. The long concatenation of glucose molecules in amylum can be easy broken down and the amylum provender stocks includes corn, wheat, murphy and manioc. The Starchy stuffs will be hydrolyzed with H2O and heat for dislocation of amylum into fermentable sugar. 2.3. Cellulose feedstocks, While both the above beginnings are within the human nutrient concatenation therefore going expensive, this alternate provender stock is the most abundant 1. These cellulosic provender stocks comprises of lignin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose. Lignin which provides structural support airss major job in production of ethanol fro cellulose. The lignin encloses both cellulose and hemicelluloses and extended pretreatment procedures were needed to make the cellulose and hemicelluloses. Grasss have least lignin and trees have the highest. Compared with amylum, the cellulose has long ironss of glucose molecules with a different structural constellation. Hyrolysis is made hard by these different structural constellation along with the encapsulation of lignin. The other constituent hemicelluloses have same long concatenation of glucose molecules but with an extra constituent pentose. 3. Lignin job in Ethanol production The major job with the production of ethyl alcohol is lignin. It is ?-glucosidases that breakdowns the cellulose to saccharify. And lignin are known to suppress ?-glucosidases. Another major job is that lignin encloses the cellulose and hemicelluloses and act as a barrier forestalling the contact between enzyme and cellulose there by suppressing the transition. Enzymes will hold non polar cellulose spheres which involves in hydrolysis of cellulose. In a recent survey, it was found the lignin was able to adhere with those non polar spheres in the enzymes ( 7 ) . 3. Ethanol production procedure: 3.1. Pretreatment Pretreatment is the readying of cellulosic provender stock for hydrolysis.The chief intent of the pretreatment is to interrupt the natural bonding between cellulose, hemi-cellulose A ; lignin, decrease crystallinity nature A ; complex construction. In a survey by singh, Delignification procedure increases the output of cut downing sugars. So any anterior procedure done earlier hydrolysis to cut down lignin is considered to be pretreatment. Pretreatment methods classified onphysical, chemical, physicochemical and biological. Physical pretreatment: Physical interventions include size decrease ( milling, tear uping, mulching ) and pyrolysis. Milling: One such physical pretreatment procedure is milling i.e. , cut downing atom size. Particle size is one the cardinal factor for the sugar transition ratio. Particle size is indirectly relative to the sugar transition rate. This is due to the fact that, smaller size atoms have higher surface country that in bend helps in higher reaction rate. Singh postulated that atom size to less than 417 micrometers does non better the cellulose transition. A. E. Abasaeed A ; Y. Y. Lee found from their research that increasing the hardwood cellulose atom size, decreases the glucose outputs and increases the reaction clip at which maximal output occurs, utilizing dilute acerb hydrolysis. Pyrolysis: At higher temperature, Cellulose dislocations and we get gaseous and char merchandises. Under lower temperature pyrolysis, in presence of mild acid ( 1N H2SO4, 97 grade celcius and 2.5 hours ) , the pretreatment consequences in 80-85 % transition of cellulose to cut downing sugars. This procedure is enhanced in presence of limited O and Zn chloride. ( Yu and Zhang 2003 ) . Chemical pretreatment: Chemical pretreatment includes add-on of chemicals, which reduces the screening consequence of lignin, cut downing crystallinity and increases the cellulose puffiness. Major categorization includes Ozonolysis, Oxidative delignification, organosolv procedure and there are figure of minor categorization. Ozonolysis: The chemical compound, ozone is used to degrade lignin and hemicellulose. Degradation of lignin consequences in higher hydrolysis rate. Main advantages of ozonolysis: efficaciously removes lignin, does non necessitate elevated environmental conditions for the procedure to take topographic point and it does non bring forth toxic or repressive stuffs. However, a big measure of ozone is required, which makes the procedure expensive. Oxidative delignification: Peroxidase enzyme nowadays in the works tissue biodegrades lignin in presence of H202. This pretreatment is found to be working good with sugarcane bagasse. Fifty per centum of lignin is solubilized by 2 % H2O2 at 30 degree Celsius and 8 hour. ( Ye Sun et Al. 2002 ) Organosolv procedure: An organic dissolver mixture with inorganic accelerators ( Hcl A ; H2SO4 ) is used to breakdown the linkage between lignin and saccharide. Organic dissolver used are methanol, ethanol, propanone, ethene, ethanediol, etc.. At the terminal of the procedure, dissolvers need to be removed to avoid the repressive action on farther procedure. Physico-chemical pretreatment: These are the new pretreatments found in the last two decennaries. This type uses the combination of both physical parametric quantities and chemical features. Steam detonation: Biomass is exposed to high-pressure concentrated steam for a certain period and so its force per unit area is fleetly reduced ( 260 grade Celsius at 0.69 Mpa ) . Steam acts on complexness construction of lignocelluloses and causes hemicellulose and lignin transmutation. Surveies shows that lower temperature, long clip procedure is better when compared to the frailty versa. Residence clip, temperature and atom size are impacting factors in the procedure. Addition of H2SO4 improves the hydrolysis rate, decreases repressive merchandises and obtains complete remotion of hemicellulose. Advantages of steam detonation: Low energy demand, no recycling and effectual on agricultural residues. The restrictions of this pretreatment are that certain repressive compounds will be produced by uncomplete lignin break. Besides big measure of H2O is needed to take repressive compounds. Ammonia fibre detonation ( AFEX ) : Similar to steam detonation. Lignocelluloses is subjected to liquid ammonium hydroxide at decreased temperature ( 90 degree Celsius ) and force per unit area for a period of clip ( 30mins ) and so the force per unit area is fleetly reduced. Dose of liquid ammonium hydroxide is 1-2 kg ammonia/kg dry biomass. AFEX works better with low lignin content and smaller atom size biomass. The disadvantage is that Ammonia has to be recovered for economic issues Carbondioxide detonation: Theexplosion of CO2 would organize carbonaceous acid and increase the hydrolysis rate. This procedure obtains 75 % of theoretical glucose, which is comparatively low when compared with other two methods. Irradiation: . Irradiation like negatron beam, microwave, gamma irradiation, ultraviolet irradiations is used as the beginning of irradiation. Acid or Alkali, in little measures ( 1-5 % ) , is added to the substrate and so exposed to irradiation. Azyma found that irradiations help in disintegrating the complex construction of Lignocelluloses ( Azuma et al. , 1984 ) . Biological pretreatment: Microorganisms such as Brown-rot, whit-rot and soft putrefaction Fungis are used to degrade lignin and hemicellulose. Brown-rot can degrade cellulose, where as white and red-rot degrades cellulose and lignin. Biggest advantages of this biological intervention are that it is environmental friendly and requires really less energy input. However, the rate of hydrolysis in most biological procedure is really low. ( A.I. Hatakka. 1984 ) 3.2. Compaction One of the major restrictions of biomass transit is its low denseness. The denseness ranges from 60-80 kg/m3 for agricultural straws. Due to this, it occupies high volume doing the biomass hard for storage, transit, use and handling. Density increases over 10 times after compaction. Baling, pelletization, bulge and briquetting are the four chief types of compaction procedure done on agricultural straw. Baling is a field type compaction procedure, where all other compaction procedures are industrial type. Pelletizing and briquetting are normally found in biomass solid fuel industries, frequently called as binderless engineerings , which uses either piston imperativeness or a screw imperativeness. 3.3. Hydrolysis Hydrolysis is frequently defined as the chemical reaction type in which polymers of holocelluloses breakdown into monomers. Hydrolysis produces cut downing sugars from helocelluloses, which is comprised of cellulose and hemicellulose. Hydrolysis involves exposure of chemicals, enzymes for a period of clip at a specific temperature. Hydrolysis is the chemical reaction which involves transition of complex cell wall polyoses in the feedstocks into simpler sugar for farther agitation into ethyl alcohol. Acids and enzymes were used in ethanol production to catalyse this production procedure. Two common types of hydrolysis are Acid hydrolysis by either dilute or concentrated acid and Enzyme hydrolysis. Acerb Hydrolysis: Sulphuric acid and Hydrochloric acid are the powerful agents for Acid Hydrolysis. In-between these two, sulfuric acid is prevailing, as it was found to be better hydrolytic agent than Hcl. ( A.Singh et al. 1984 ) . In general, acerb hydrolysis requires either dilute Acid at higher temperature A ; force per unit area, or concentrated acid at low temperature. Concentrated acerb hydrolysis output high monomers than dilute acid hydrolysis.Xylan to xylose transition will be done in dilute acid hydrolysis. After this type of hydrolysis, the feedstock needs to be neutralized. Enzymatic Hydrolysis: This method of hydrolysis a a late developed method came into being by 1970 s, while the former one is being used since 19th century. Enzymatic interventions are preferred to the chemical 1s. Cellulase enzyme, synthesized from Fungi, bacteriums and workss, is the cardinal function for the reaction. Besides enzymes are of course obstructing in the palnt proteins. However, pretreatment is ver y much necessity for enzyme hydrolysis to interrupt the crystalline lignin so the enzyme can interact with cellulose and hemicelluloses. Glucose concentration is one of the hydrolysis rate-limiting factors in enzymatic hydrolysis. ( Lynd et al. 2002 ) . 3.4. Agitation Agitation the dislocation of sugar obtained from hydrolysis procedure into ethyl alcohol by action upon micro-organism. Types of agitation Separate hydrolysis A ; Fermentation Coincident Saccharification A ; Fermentation Direct Microbial Conversion ( Using thermophilic Bacteria ) Seperated Hydrolysis and agitation: Pretreatment and agitation are conducted individually and glucose concentration is one of the chief hurdlings for the procedure. Coincident sacarification and agitation ( SSF ) : This procedure requires less enzyme burden and the taint is reduced. This method is relatively faster and supply higher output. Gauss et al. , ( 1976 ) says that SSF procedure is already patented and is known as the Gulf SSF procedure. Direct Microbial transition: It combines all the three chief procedures in lignocelluloses bioconversion ( Cellulase production, cellulose hydrolysis and agitation ) . However, it has less hydrolysis rate than SSF or SHF. The being that has been most investigated for DMC method is C. thermocellum. ( Kiyoharu F. et Al. 1996 ) 3.5. Purification Removing unwanted compounds and bettering the ethanol per centum in the concluding merchandise is called purification. Distillation procedure is employed for purification. Purification is done in two stairss: Rectification, which achieves 96 % and desiccation that achieves 99.9 % 4. Options Swtich Grass The job with the current cellulosic ethyl alcohol production is due to lignin. To get the better of the job of lignin, switch grass has been tested over recent old ages due to its low degrees of lignin and high degrees of cellulose. Panicum Virgatum ( Switch grass ) can bring forth more 700 % energy than what it is supplied with. ( 16 ) The perennial works consumes low sum of H2O and it wont compete for nutrient with other harvests. The of import advantage of switch grass is that the 10 % of the genome is dedicated to cell wall and so by familial alteration it is further possible to increase the look of saccharides and finally high ethanol output. ( 18 ) Decision Cell wall polysaccrides forms the most effectual beginning for production ethyl alcohol and Fuel production by this method has large feasibleness due to abundance in Biomass handiness.

Delving into macbeth essays

Delving into macbeth essays Macbeths character and the changes he undergoes can be traced throughout the events of Shakespeares The Tragedy of Macbeth. He begins the play as a good man who has just taken up the reputation of a valiant man who has done well for his country. However, with one single act of killing the king, he brings about his downfall. Macbeths deterioration in morality and plagued feelings of guilt and fear dominate his character as he stumbles towards his death. Macbeth is first introduced as a nobleman who had just saved Scotland from the Norwegian king and successfully subdued two rebellions. He is portrayed as brave Macbeth, one who has valiantly killed many enemies, whose sword smoked with bloody execution, and is even associated with the goddess of war, Belonas Bridegroom. Such successes won over favor from the king and a promising future. The positive image that Macbeth is presented through is quickly challenged, and his ambitious nature to aspire to become king is revealed after he hears the prophecies of the witches that he would become Thane of Cawdor and even king. The first prophecy, of being Thane of Cawdor was immediately fulfilled after the witches left Macbeth, which led him to believe that it was possible for him to become king. This reveals that Macbeth may possibly have longed for the throne, but had never seriously considered it, but with some encouragement, he is ready to seize the position of the king. However Macbeth is revealed as an innately good man through his soliloquy in contemplating the murder of the king. Such horrible imaginings are so atrocious to him that he feels smothered in surmise, and unable to function normally throughout the day. Despite the effects of the horrid thoughts of murder that plague Macbeth, he is found to be continually lost in the contemplation of murder. He himself is ashamed of such thoughts, henc...

Critique of a research paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Critique of a research paper - Essay Example A clearly focused issue is similar to the research problem. Identifying a research problem is not always easy since every problem has compounding factors. Researchers, therefore, have to be keen when giving the exact problem being studied. This is why the researchers need a clear focus; a well-defined research question which can guide the research study. The clear focus eliminates frustration, confusion, wastage, and saves time (Blessing & Forister, 2013). In the report, a clear focus that would guide the research would be; â€Å"are nurse-led rheumatology clinics qualified for providing the same services offered by rheumatologist-led clinics?† The report is on a â€Å"Randomized controlled trial of a nurse-led rheumatology clinic for monitoring biological therapy† (Larsson et al., 2013, p. 164). The aim is to judge the nurse-led rheumatology clinic against rheumatologist-led clinic, in monitoring of biological therapy. It has focused on patients in remission or those w ith low disease activity, and are undergoing biological therapy. The main issue is that, there are nurse-led clinics that have previously been successful. In the UK, for example, some rheumatology nurse-led clinics showed a high level of effectiveness. It is due to such results that the researchers came up with the thought of a nurse-led intervention in Sweden. In Sweden, it is the rheumatologists who manage such clinics. Larsson and others assumed that there would be no significant differences in treatment consequences between the two interventions. . The results would provide evidence for practice and encourage the creation of nurse-led rheumatology clinics for the management of patients with stable chronic inflammatory arthritis, who are undergoing biological therapy. A clearly focused issue here is whether the nurse-led rheumatology clinics are suitable and qualified to manage patients. Randomized controlled trials are studies that make use of random assignment of study

To what extent does successful workplace learning depend on the social Essay

To what extent does successful workplace learning depend on the social context of the workplace environment - Essay Example This allows the organization to reach the potential growth and success that the organization dreams for. But to transform just a mere dream into reality, the organization must implement learning processes that would change the direction of the organization. This change in direction could change the future of the organization and its employees. As workplace learning is creating sustainable new knowledge, it is considered as an investment by the organization for their most important assets which is the workforce. The workforce could single handedly change the future of the organization, all they need is a training and development program but a program within the boundaries of organizational culture. An organization is a mixture of diverse culture and employees. The only element that combines these diverse employees from different race, religion and origin is the organizational culture. With the passage of time, organizations have become more cultural diverse and they have hired employe es belonging from different cultures and geographic locations. Although, this has been helpful for the organization as it has allowed organization to have diverse thinking and more creativity and better learning from different cultures.... Along with that, the research has highlighted some of the important dimensions that would include the definition of workplace learning, social context of workplace environment and lastly the impact of social context on successful workplace learning. A brief conclusion is also included to summarize and conclude all the major findings of this study. Successful workplace learning Workplace learning is a process that addresses the needs and interests of the employees. This learning process enables the employee to respond to the changing environment and to contribute in increasing the efficiency and productivity of the employee (Lai, and Lo, 2008). This learning process ultimately helps in meeting the employee’s personal and career development needs within the organization (Chen, Bian, and Hom, 2005). Learning at work allows the organization to develop different capabilities and skills and thus it is better able to achieve competitive advantage (Hamlin, and Stewart, 2011). Learning at work happens through the daily working practices of the workers and the biggest influence in this learning process is the work itself. A process that addresses the needs and interests of the employee helps in reducing the absenteeism rate, turnover rate, job dissatisfaction and all those factors that reduce the optimum performance to achieve the organizational goals. Successful workplace learning provides an opportunity for the employees of the organization to develop or improve their skills that would enable them to obtain the best possible outcomes for the business (Clarke, 2005). Employees are worthy investments for organizations as these employees are relied heavily upon for the success and betterment of the organization. Employees are considered to be the most valuable asset within

Karl Marx and Capitalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Karl Marx and Capitalism - Essay Example The basic premise of Marx’s theory about the value of labor is the claim that the value of a commodity is defined by the average number of labor-hours that go into its production. Then, the profit a capitalist makes when such a commodity is sold is what forms the surplus value of the commodity, and is not his rightful share but what he makes by cheating the laborer. The capitalist buys labour-power in order to use it; and labour-power in use is labour itself. † (Kelso, 2005, n.p.) Here, if one were to take into account the scientific and technological developments the world has seen since the industrial revolution, we find that it’s the capital-provider who becomes the rightful recipient of the profits made by them by selling the product. Let me elaborate. With the advancement of technology, we have seen times, as much as we are seeing now, the production of machines that create more machines, automated ones too, which create a commodity that is sold. The machines themselves form a commodity too. Thus the profits that are brought home would be deserved by the ones that produced them: the machines which are owned by the capitalist, and hence the profit should go to him or her. Besides, if a product’s value were to be defined by the number of labor-hours that go into it’s making, then the fundamental paradox that is brought out is an interesting one: how can a product, say, an automated coffee-maker be of such a low value as the number of man-hours a labourer spends in operating the machine that makes it?

Changes In Employment Relations Due To Globalisation

Changes In Employment Relations Due To Globalisation Due to globalization the employment relations has affected all over the world. In the past few decades there are many economic policy changes all over the world. Globalization points to combining of countries within the world economy through increased transaction, investment, short term capital flows, and migration of skilled and unskilled workers internationally. This essay describes about changes of employment relations in both advanced and developing countries as a result of globalisation. Globalisation is a process is not a condition or a fact. Globalisation involves two phases. The first phase is about cheap labour for labour intensive production. The second phase is puzzling involves high tech manufacturing and service. Due to global change the employee relations have undergone a sustainable change and the management of human resource have also changed. This paper starts by investigating employment relations in India followed by the employment relations in republic of Korea before and after globalisation. (Lansbury, et., al., 2004) Now this paper describes about India. The population of India was 1.2 billion in 2008.India got its independence in 1947 before the independence the Indian industries was predominate by private owners they used an autocratic leadership style and the employment relations on those days was in an ad hoc manner. After independence the employment relations scenario was totally different because a large number of industrial enterprises was developed this resulted in industrialization. Due to growth in organisation the one main dominance was left behind, the functions of management are distinguished into different departments. Before globalization Indians made their decisions in management based on interpersonal considerations comparative to task demands. This is due to the reason the Indian management institutes have borrowed western education system. (Budhwar, 2003) Indians were brought up in an environment where they value strong family relationship and they are dependent on others. Indian managers in the past are trained in the west and most of the management institutes in India have adopted western management system. Now this essay discusses about trade unions and collective bargaining in India. In India the trade unions have come across four main phases, the four phases are the early years (1850-1900), the growth years (1900-1947), the militancy phase (1947-1970) and decline phase (1980). (Budhwar, 2003) The trade unions were strong before 1980 after 1980 the trade unions began to weaken. The reasons for failure of unions are the workers to lose faith due to more strikes and they lost the confidence in military trade unionism. In India most of the trade unions in the past are controlled by outsiders like political parties and other persons who were not working in the industry. The collective bargaining in India has come across three periods from 1920 to 1950 and 1951 to 1969 and from 1970 till now. From 1920 to 1950 the collective bargaining was in the early stage and this method was not used for the regulatory labour conditions. In 1951 to 1969 collective bargaining was used to settlement of in dustrial quarrel. When comparing to the developed countries the economic condition in India was less due to this the union workers could not be in strike for a long time. (Budhwar, 2003) Discussing about the employee relations in the state Indian government has proposed four policys over the past like maintain industrial peace and foster trade unions peace. To achieve the policy state has come up with many labour laws but the laws were not successfully implemented. Before the new economic policies the state government encouraged unions instead of cutting down the unions. Due to this reason there were many unions in India. Before globalisation the external trade was 0.44 in 1989 but after the relaxation of economic policies in 1991 the share trade id 0.8 in 2004. But when comparing the trade with china India has grown up less. (Budhwar, 2003) Berore globalization the practise like recruitment, training, promotions and lay off are non generalize. A formal method of recruitment and selection was not followed before globalization. The recruitment was based on word of mouth approach. (Budhwar, 2003) After the liberalisation of Indian economy the law has been proposes that all the new jobs should be advertised properly and process of recruitment should be formal. And also Indian government has created a human resource development ministry at the central government level and there is a large number of professional institutions provide training and development in hr related. The rules as been passed that the new employees should be taken initially as an apprentice this shows that there is a formal and structured approach in recruitment of people in India for organization. (Budhwar, 2003) Globalisation is due to investment of multinational companies in developing countries. According to the World Bank forecast in 2020 India will become as a fourth largest economy in the orbit. After liberalisation of economic policies in 1991 the economy has increased positively. (Jayasuriya, 2008)Due to these developments more foreign firms in advanced countries shows interest of doing business in India. Indian domestic companies are under pressure due to liberalisation and there is an increased level of competition between the domestic firms and MNCs. (Budhwar, 2003) Currently Indian managers are appointing themselves with the new techniques in management and the different phases of the management function which will be helpful in maintaining good employee relation. A research has been conducted in human resource of Indian organisation and they have given a feedback that without the development of human resource, Indian firms will not be qualified to takeover new technology and they cannot competitive with other abroad competitors. (Chishti, 2002) In 1970 new approaches for collective bargaining was developed. From 1970 collective bargaining has moved from enterprise level to the plant level in the country. Due to globalization and increase in multinational companies in India the unions have lost their strengths and reforms. Due to change in economic conditions the unions join with the management now to take a cooperative approach in management decisions. Only two percent of workers in India are under collective bargaining agreements. The collective bargaining is going on shrinking in India. (Chishti, 2002) After liberalised economic policies in India. Many global companies started their plants in India due to globalization the productivity got increased and the employees got higher pay and their basic pay was increased. And the working hours in India is reduced now people in India are working only 48 hours per week. The child labour is reduced in India now people who are above the age of 18 can only work in workplaces. Due to globalisation exploitation of women is more but they are still been paid low. Currently in India there are 150 acts of labour legislation but they are not fully achieved. (Budhwar, 2003) Having discussed about India now this essay discusses about republic of Korea before globalisation and after globalisation. The republic of Korea has a population of 48 million, almost 80 percent of the people are urbanised, and the urbanisation has increased from 30% in 1962 to 80%. The labour force was 22 million in the late 1990 and the participation rate is high and the unemployment rate was not above 2 percent. Korea gross national product has increased due to export oriented manufacturing. Korea is the member of organisation for economic cooperation and development in 1996. In 1997 Korea experienced a financial crisis so it got assistance from international monetary fund. (Bamber, et., al., 2000) In 1945 the liberation was restructured and the left wing ( chun pyung) was banned in 1947 by American military government. The success of Korea industrialisation is due to cheap labour. In 1980 there was a protest by union activist and students against chum doo-hwan government this protest was the turning point of Korean employment relations the government changed is approach from authoritarian to conciliator approach. Before 1987 unionisation was less in Korea due to strong government, after 1987 Koreans unions have grown to be a powerful institution in labour relations. The working conditions of union members are improved by collective bargaining. The collective bargaining was the important tool for the improvement labours. (Bamber, et., al., 2000) There are three levels of Korean unions and they are local unions, an enterprise, and a region. The employees in the work place will be joining in any one of the unions based on their job and Collective bargaining is decentralised in this level. The unionism of Korea has converted, the unions of car companies are affiliated to the Korean trade union congress but they were not officially recognised till 1997. The developments in 1993 are men have removed women in union activity and due to increase in work force of white collar workers, the white collar workers are increasingly unionised. (Lansbury, et., al., 2004) Korean employers are engaged in different employers association. For example the business which is engaged in export or import there is a membership called Korean foreign trade association. So those who are doing export or import should be the member of this association. The chaebol differentiates Korea from other newly industrialised economy. The bank of Korea says that the top 30 chaebol contributes 95 percent of the total nations GDP and the top company which is contributing to the GDP is Hyundai (Bamber, et, al, 2002). The development of internal labour markets is due to agency of chaebol large scale economies for low cost competition. Chaebol was the reason for government growth strategy particularly due to blue collar workers. In Korea they were following one set approach similar workers doing similar work in similar working conditions were concentrated by chaebol in one place or region. By 1945 the government proposed a legislative structure for the Korean industrial relations . So chaebol cut off the action of unions they also sought their amenability as company unions. The Korean employment undergo fundamental changes after 1987, collective bargaining was decentralised with the drift of defending managerial command. (Lansbury, et., al., 2004) The state plays the dominant role in economic growth in industrialization. By 1961 there was a rapid growth in economic role through export led, low cost competition. The state decided the hike strategy of chaebol by range over the business horizontally or vertically. By 1980 the labour laws was rewritten and the unions were alter, and the labour management council act was uttered these acts are passed with the intention making the unions power less and building the labour management linkage non-confrontational. From 1989 to 1993 the wages are increased in Korea for five years where as in 1987 the wages were not given by the government. The wages were given more easily by the public sector then the private sector. (Lansbury, et., al., 2004) The trade union act standardised the collective bargaining in Korea. The members in the union can clear the matters regarding employee and organisation. Mostly collective bargaining takes place at the plant level and collective bargaining is the important factor for regulating industrial relations. The labour management council demanded a labour management council should be created and meet four times in twelve months with a company having 50 or more people working. (Lansbury, et., al., 2004) In 1997 the national assembly of Korea passed an improved set of reformation to the labour legislation which postponed the relaxation of restriction on layoffs. To reduce the labour cost the employers started to employ contract labours. The contractors are responsible for the welfare of the workers. The unions protest against the legislation of dispatch workers but the employers justify that it should be legalised. (Lansbury, et., al., 2004) Due to industrialization there is a decrease in agriculture and unemployment. The agriculture in Korea is reducing by 6% percent every year. Even though there is a massive decline in agriculture the education level is increasing in Korea. The largest business group in Korea hired employees through mass examination but before the economies were developed the workers are hired on the basis of relatives of the employees. (Lansbury, et., al., 2004) There are many migrants in Korea especially from the Asian countries. The migrants are working mostly in the labour intensive work place where the work for labour is more. Due to the crisis of unemployment the working hours in Korea is been reduced, by reducing the working hours more people are employed and benefited. They Korea respond to the critics by adopting new human resource strategies and senior based reward system, increased use of contingent workers and frequent use of lay off. (Lansbury, et., al., 2004) Globalisation is the major factor for the changes around the world, due to changes around the world there are some changes on the employment relations as well. In nutshell this paper as explained about changes in the employment relations in the developed countries as well as the developing countries and it has described about the changes that have gone through in the period of globalisation.

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

It is probably a mistake that I am standing here giving a speech for graduation. In fact it is probably a mistake that I am even graduating from this school at all -- believe me, just as most people in this class I have tested the limits of attendance, of sleeplessness, and of procrastination. At the beginning of my high schooling, I was even testing dropping out ... and if that wasn't a mistake, I don't know what was. After four years of Starr altering our minds, it seemed most fitting for me to spend my four minutes talking about mistakes. Thank goodness for them, by the way -- it is only when we truly screw up big time that we are ever stopped in our tracks -- stopped, briefly, to learn lessons of worth. Sometimes, the value of mistakes are seen on a smaller scale; having a semester final turned back with more red marks than a Freshman without Clearasil. Isn't it then when we step back for a moment and look at ourselves? When on our Biology test we couldn't tell a cell from an atom, or an atom from an Eve; when on the math test, we pray to a higher power for a sign, and he give...

Drug and Alcohol Use Among Adolescents and Young Adults

Running head: REGULATION OF DEVIANCE: DRUG AND ALCOHOL USE Regulation of Deviance: Drug and Alcohol Use among Adolescents and Young Adults Nikkee L Payne University of Nebraska at Lincoln Abstract This paper explores the overall affects that peers, family members, and religious affiliations have among adolescents and young adults when it comes to the use of deviant substances such as drugs and alcohol. Here we will examine the specific affects that peers tend to have on individual adolescents and how subgroups can influence the future of the individual.We will look at the errors in the limitations placed throughout the different studies done and speculate on what could have been done to better generalize the results. Drug and alcohol use among adolescents and young adults is common and tends to lead to later abuse of said substances. Here we will find better understanding of the overall outcomes of deviant adolescents and their choices that they make about drugs and alcohol in congru ency to environmental factors.Regulation of Deviance: Drug and Alcohol Use among Adolescents and Young Adults There have been numerous studies done on the use of drugs and alcohol within the different cultures and subcultures seen throughout society. Many of these studies tend to focus more so on the young adults and adolescents use of different substances more often than the use across all different age groups. There has been much speculation among many psychologists and sociologists around the different influences of these adolescents and young adults.Different studies have focused on the influences of peers and parents as well as religion on the use of drugs and alcohol. It is seen that peers tend to have a more direct influence on the use of different substances than that of parents. Research by Bahr, Hoffmann and Yang (2005) shows that the attitudes of the parents tend to affect the overall outcome of adolescent drug use. It is easy to see the correlation between drug use, devi ance, and future accomplishments of the adolescents who choose to partake in these deviant acts.No matter what the choice of substance is there is a direct correlation between the use and committing different deviant acts. Literature Review There are many studies that emphasize the direct connection between adolescent drug use and the influences that family members and peers have on this. According to Walden et al (2004) there is a clear correlation linking parents, peers and substance use among youth. This study attempts to look at the genetic influences versus the environmental influences in question of which is more significant to adolescent sway.In the study they attempt to illustrate two possible genetic influences that could possibly help explain the connection between peers, parents and what is seen as substance use phenotypes. â€Å"First, the associations could be the product of active genotype–environment correlations, wherein individuals gravitate to different env ironments (or perceive similar environments differently) on the basis of their unique, genetically influenced dispositions. To the extent that risk for early adolescent substance use is influenced by heritable factors (e. g. temperament), selection into deviant peer groups by adolescents with a propensity to use substances would represent an active genotype–environment correlation. Second, the associations could owe to evocative genotype–environment correlations, which occur when individuals elicit reactions from their environments on the basis of their own genetically influenced behavior. For example, an adolescent’s early use of substances (again, as influenced by heritable factors) could negatively impact the relationship between the adolescent and his or her parent(s) by resulting in increased parent–child conflict.Given the possibility that these putatively environmentally mediated associations could, in fact, result from genotype–environment correlational processes† [ (Walden, McGue, Iacono, Burt, & Elkins, 2004, p. 441) ]. When looking at the results of the study Walden et al (2004) came to the conclusion that these genetic, heritable factors were far less significant than that of the environmental factors to influence youth early youth substance use. The findings here provided a much needed view on the different relationships between peer influence and substance use and parent haracteristics and substance use. The different parenting styles definitely had a great affect on the choices that the youth made when it came to the different uses of substances. It is speculated that the choice of peers can also influence the parent-child interactions and account for relationship problems amongst youth and their parents. There are many positive correlations that came out of this study; however there were limitations on the study that did not account for specific aspects of young adult use of specific substances.There is an absence of the influence of that of teachers in the environment as well as a lack of an overall representative sample in that it consisted of mostly Caucasians. Also, there was a lack of recognizing the sibling influences possible. For the lack of coverage on the influence of the siblings of the deviant youth Stormshak et al makes up for in her article covering Sibling and Peer Deviance. Here the study looks at the different constructs set in place as predictors of substance use of adolescents; these constructs consist of sibling deviance, warmth, and conflict.It is also speculated that the sibling relationships will outweigh that of peer relationships when it comes to influencing deviant behavior [ (Stormshak, Comeau, & Shepard, 2004, p. 637) ]. The results compare significantly with that of the hypotheses of the study. Sibling deviance was the more significant forecaster for adolescent substance use in comparison to that of peer influence. They bring up a good perspective on th e fact that the antisocial youth, especially those with behavior problems, often are rejected from the main social groups around them; however they usually end up making their own subgroups.Usually these subgroups are focused on the thing that they have in common; the deviant acts they partake in. This study tends to jump back and forth on the stance of peer groups versus sibling influence on the outcome of the adolescents. However Stormshak does state that sibling relationships comparatively to peer relationships are far more stable and therefore could possibly serve as a more high risk context for adolescents [ (Stormshak, Comeau, & Shepard, 2004, p. 645) ]. One thing that we need to keep in mind is the limitation of age in this study.Age here can be applied in numerous cases; that is the age of the adolescent at risk as well as the age difference between the youth and their siblings. One thing that the majority of these articles can all agree on is the fact that early initiation of substance use is associated with more addictive behaviors later on in the youth’s lifespan. Often early substance use is associated with more delinquent behavior, academic problems, impairments in the individual’s ability to function as a contributing member of our society, and health problems.Kumpulainen (2000) gives several examples of different studies done with the conclusion that psychiatric problems reported earlier in the adolescents life is correlated with that of drug use later on in life; also, â€Å"mental disorders generally precede the development of addictive disorders† [ (Kumpulainen, 2000, p. 1848) ]. Here she focuses more on the mental state of the individuals and its correlation with the drug use.One can see that the mental health is significantly lower when it comes to the use of drugs and alcohol earlier in the adolescents life. Again, Kumpulainen (2000) refers to other sources to confirm that addictive behaviors and mental disorders tend to go hand in hand. Additionally, in a separate study by Andrews and Duncan (1997) they address the mental capacity and academic motivation of youth and its inverse relationship with substance use; rather than the mental state of the individual.Andrews and Duncan’s study had three major constructs to it; focusing on the family relationships, the deviance of the adolescent, and the academic motivation. One of the limitations as well as benefits to the study was the fact that all of the information gathered came from the reports of the mother and the target adolescents [ (Andrews & Duncan, 1997, p. 527) ]. Also, the confine of the individuals mostly being Caucasian and living in single-parent households may slightly skew the overall generalization of the study.The study comes to the conclusion that there is no significant relationship between alcohol use and that of academic motivation; also, for the other substances of marijuana and cigarettes it is inconclusive to the fact th at the results cannot determine which act precedes the other. In that substance use precedes academic motivation or the inverse of this as well. However, they can conclude that the increased use in marijuana and cigarettes does lead to more of a lack of motivation when it comes to academics. [ (Andrews & Duncan, 1997, p. 541) ].There are two separate longitudinal studies that focus more so on the transitions made from these earlier adolescent years into the later adolescent years and adulthood. Here we look at the friendships and peers to understand the direction in which the adult will end up going. Dishion and Owen (2002) have findings consistent with numerous other studies in that many of these individuals tend to be put into specific peer groups that more regularly use substances [ (Dishion & Owen, 2002, p. 488) ]. One needs to remember that the connection made between these peers with the use of these substances is substantial and tend to be long lasting.Therefore we can assume that these connections will be significant throughout the individual’s life and not just the adolescent years. Similarly, the study done by Mason, Hitch and Spoth (2009) shows the transition from early to late adolescents in that with the interaction of the proper peer group at age sixteen along with what they see as the negative affect can be a predictor of the amount of substance use in later adolescence. This negative affect that they speak of is alluding to the use of substance to escape or cope with the current reality that each individual may be facing at that time.This is one of the few studies that hint toward this hypothesis; â€Å"other studies have not supported the self-medication hypothesis among teens† [ (Mason, Hitch, & Spoth, 2009, p. 1153) ]. Here you see more of a lack from this study when it comes to the overall assessment of negative affective states. This is where you gain more insight through other articles concerning the actual mental states of individuals and the direct correlation that it has with the use of different substances.The study done by Dishion and Owen (2002) has fewer limitations on it; their unexpected findings helped to further understand the hypothesis of deviant friendships and the relationship to dangerous drug use. They have seen to have fewer discrepancies when it came to the results and findings. â€Å"The Young adult years are a critical transition point for many individuals,† Dishion and Owen (2002) state; this is â€Å"when selection of partners, formation of families, and the foundation for the next generation are established† [ (Dishion & Owen, 2002, p. 89) ]. One cannot forget the influence of religion and its effects on the use of what is seen as deviant substances by our different sub-cultures and societies. Walker et al states that, â€Å"research has shown religiosity to the a protective factor with regard to substance use and other problem behaviors† [ (Walker, Ainette, Wills, & Mendoza, 2007, p. 84) ]. There are clear indications of differentiation of substance use dependent upon the entirety of the relationship that one has with religion.When it comes to religion they tend to encourage certain behaviors that are more socially accepted and fewer deviants. Therefore, one can assume that adolescents involved in their religious organizations will be less likely to commit acts of deviance such as use of specific substances. This study is yet another indication of the inverse relationship between religiosity and substance use. Discussion It is clear that there are many factors that come into play when it comes to deviance in adolescents and young adults.Many of the findings in the articles come to the same conclusions; that is that numerous environmental factors along with that of peer groups, religious groups and family members all come into play. The speculation that the sibling relationship is more significant than that of peer relationships by Sto rmshak et al. is simply just that, speculation. Looking at the results as a whole we can see that peer relationships are just as significant of that of sibling relationships as well as parent relationships. Peer groups are what help adolescents more or less decide who they would like to be and the activities that they would like to partake in.Bahr, Hoffmann and Yang (2005) also concluded that â€Å"peer drug use had stronger affects than any of the other variables; However, the results [also] showed that the family variables had significant impacts on adolescent drug use as well† [ (Bahr, Hoffmann, & Yang, 2005, p. 545) ]. A major limitation of the majority of the studies would be the ability to generalize them across a number of populations. Many studies are done on Caucasians and also have other specific measures that are not easily able to be generalized across many cultures and subcultures.In order to fully understand the compete influence on peer, family and religious gr oups one would need to look at numerous characteristics not just specific sub-groups. Conclusion and Future Study As a whole the amount of research done on peer, family and religious influence is significant enough that we can get a good idea on the overall affects. Substance use among more troubled adolescence is far more common than that of adolescence involved in religious organizations and those who are motivated academically as well.Those youth who have been labeled as antisocial and having more mental health problems are forced into this more deviant peer group and are more likely to become substance users and abusers later in life. There are clear correlations between deviant peers and drug usage among adolescents. In future studies we should make sure to have a more wide population to study. Not focus as much on the Caucasians and troubled youth. When it comes to troubled youth you need a comparison of what is seen as society as the more angelic adolescents who tend to not g et mixed up in substances that are deviant.Here, however, it is clear that there are many factors that come into play when determining the adolescent’s use of drugs and alcohol. References Andrews, J. A. , & Duncan, S. C. (1997). Examining the Reciprocal Relation Bewteen Academic Motivation and Substance Use: Effects of Family Relationships, Self-Esteem, and General Deviance. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 20(6), 523-549. Retrieved from http://0-web. ebscohost. com. library. unl. edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? sid=21d20bb2-d5ad-4a31-8aef-c9c56a727cbf%40sessionmgr10&vid=1&hid=16 Bahr, S. J. Hoffmann, J. P. , & Yang, X. (2005). Parental and Peer Influences on the Risk of Adolescent Drug Use. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 26(6), 529-551. Retrieved from http://www. inspirationsyouth. com/Teen-Substance-Abuse/Parental-and-Peer-Influences-Adolescent-Drug-Abuse. pdf Brook, J. S. , Lukoff, I. F. , & Whiteman, M. (1977). Peer, Family, and Personality Domains as Related to Adoles cents' Drug Behavior. Psychological Reports(41), 1095-1102. Retrieved from http://0-www. amsciepub. com. library. unl. edu/doi/pdf/10. 2466/pr0. 1977. 41. 3f. 109

Informative Analysis Essay

The purpose of an informative briefing is to enhance the audience’s knowledge about a specific topic in which the speaker is an expert. The goal of the presenter is to present clear-cut information in an interesting yet enlightening manner. The purpose of my speech was to enhance the audience’s awareness of what marijuana is, as well as to dispel many myths that exist around it that emanate from the fact that it is an illegal substance, causing often untrue information to be spread. The ultimate goal of my presentation was to leave the audience with a better understanding of what the plant actually is and how it may be of use to society. Introducing a topic during a presentation is one of, if not the, most difficult part of any speech. If the speaker does not draw the audience’s attention immediately, then they are, in effect, lost for the duration of the speech. I believe that my introduction was relatively effective because it introduced my topic in a way that most members of the class can most likely relate to. By asking the audience if they recognized the rolling paper, they were forced to focus on me as well as my question, which then introduced a relatively controversial topic. In doing so, I should have captured the attention of the audience. In reviewing my performance, however, it was clearly evident how nervous I was which hindered the eloquence of the introduction, making it less effective than I had planned and ultimately hoped for; it was, nonetheless, still effective in capturing the audience. As with any other presentation, the body of the speech followed the introduction. The body was organized in a manner that would logically suit the presentation. First, there was a brief description of what marijuana really is, which was actually quite important based on the purpose of the speech. Marijuana is most often referred to by one of the multitudes of street names that it has acquired and the purpose of the speech was to enhance the knowledge of the audience by presenting facts, not street information. Following the description was a point counter-point narrative of many of the myths surrounding marijuana usage and the truth behind those  myths. Next, I spoke about many of the federal studies that have occurred whose findings differ greatly with much of the propagandized information that is presented to the general population. The third major topic area that I covered was the potential that marijuana has for the business and financial world, as well as the repercussions tha t would ensue if marijuana was actually made into a legal plant and turned into an industry. Each of the major points was supported by numerous documented facts. In defining what marijuana is, I used the Common Sense for Drug Policy Foundations definition as well as other information that the site provided that enhanced the understanding of the defining characteristics of marijuana. After this, I spoke about the many studies that have occurred, such as the Schaffer Study conducted under the Nixon Administration, which I obtained information about from a book authored by Raymond Schaffer, the man who lead the study (the book was titled A Signal of Misunderstanding). I found that many of the other studies provided statistics that further enhanced the information provided in my speech because it described the ineffective nature of current policing policies as well as introduced the final portion of my presentation, which was the business aspects involved in the marijuana debate. The information provided by the national commission on marijuana and drug abuse was valuable in supporting my statement that there are business repercussions that could emanate from the use of marijuana. First, I stated how many users there are in the United States, followed by the extent of the crimes committed. Then, using information from an Associated press article entitled UN Estimates Drug Business Equal To 8% of World Trade, I described how the business world would most likely benefit from the legal use of marijuana. The basis of any conclusion is to tie up the presentation and basically re-cap what was presented. My conclusion was not as effective as I had hoped. My goal was to create a clincher, a final thought provoking, or at least interesting, point that would regain the audiences attention if it had been lost during the presentation. In attempting to do so, I was not  effective in summarizing the major points, nor was the clincher too effective. It seemed as if I was struggling to come up with an adequate clincher, which could have been avoided with more practice of the conclusion. Because I did not have a speech prepared, my eye contact was relatively effective in viewing the audience. Realistically, I should have looked up at the audience more, and for more sustained periods of time, but the lack of a composed speech forced me to look at the audience throughout the presentation. My vocal variation during the speech was sub-par. It was clearly evident that I was nervous throughout the speech and the voice was a reflection of my anxiety. In practicing the speech, I had used various intonations to emphasize certain points, but during my presentation I was, for the most part, speaking in a monotone. There were points where I did alter my vocal tone, but it was not frequent or effective enough. The speed and enunciation of the speech were adequate, but the volume of my voice and the general variation of tone in general could have been improved upon. Because I did not have any physical examples and no podium was set up, body movement was not necessarily appropriate. If we had been encouraged to walk around the front of the room or if there was a large physical example, then movement would have been appropriate. However, under the given circumstances and time restrictions, body movement was, personally, minimal because it was not overly necessary in the presentation of the information. As many of the other class members discovered, it was difficult to involve the class in the discussion. Few, if any, members of the class actively participated in any presentation, even if solely by asking questions. I believe that most of the class members have been confronted with my topic at some point or another during their lives, so even at an unspoken level most of my classmates must have at least related to the presentation. Again, my class is not overly participatory in any nature, so it is difficult to rate the amount of audience participation because, in general, the class does not participate unless there isn’t an alternative. Informative speeches are an effective method of enhancing an audiences knowledge of a given topic. They are purposeful and necessary, especially in  the upbeat modern world that requires quick and effective transference of information from one individual to another. Through the use of these speeches, a large amount of information can be provided to a room full of individuals in a relatively short amount of time. The information provided can then be used or applied immediately following the presentation. The goal of my informative speech was to enhance the audience’s knowledge about what marijuana really is, and how it can be used today to augment the way of life of our growing economy.

Patience The modern author’s lost virtue

Patience The modern author’s lost virtue Patience: The modern author’s lost virtue In our last article, we enumerated the different qualities successful indie authors usually have: they’re great writers, entrepreneurial-minded, good at marketing, etc. But here’s one quality only a select few possess: patience.The rise of self-publishing has brought with it the decline of this all-important virtue. There always seems to be a rush- to write, to get the next book out, to sell it. We’re in the pre-ordering, pre-promoting, pre-emptive stage of publishing. And if you’re like us, racing against the clock is starting to feel preposterous.Even established writers are ruled by the clock. Let’s consider Hugh Howey’s website: the first thing you see is this little widget indicating his progress on his upcoming books. I almost want to bet on which bar is going to be filled first, and that’s just one author! Why is this â€Å"race† so characteristic of self-publishing? Well, first, because indie authors are in charge of all the work- including how quickly pages go to print (concretely or digitally). The pace of a book’s release used to be determined by a publishing house; indies don’t face that controlling force.The second big reason is financial. Self-publishing authors don’t get advances. They are only able to earn money when the book is out and selling. A sense of urgency is a foregone conclusion, until you realize that your first book won’t sell as well as you hoped (gaining market traction is no quick or easy task). So you feel an even greater sense of urgency to churn out book #2†¦and 3†¦and so on and so forth.This can be perfectly fine and even prove advantageous, but can easily ruin all your hard work: with urgency comes precipitation. What’s precipitation? Well, it can be Joanna Penn ordering several thousand print copies of he r first non-fiction book before knowing how to market it, for example. Or in most less-extreme cases, releasing a first book that hasn’t been copy edited or proofread- or one full of formatting issues.When you enter the self-publishing race and start producing content at a fast pace, you can miss out on great opportunities- and I’m not even talking about the opportunity to simply spend more time on each book (before releasing it) to make it better.I’m talking about marketing opportunities. I’m talking about something that might sound like a sacrilege to many indie authors: sitting on finished work. I first thought of this when reading the excellent blog post by Hugh Howey on â€Å"The Liliana Nirvana Technique†, which basically consists of â€Å"publishing 5 works at once† and the 6th one shortly after.If you go through the comments below the post, you can get a sense of how crazy this sounds to many indie authors. However, when you think ab out it, it makes sense: by â€Å"flooding† Amazon all at once with your work, you dramatically increase your exposure; your books get linked to each other, â€Å"every sale leading to recommendations for 4 or 5 more of your works†, and readers looking for content see your name everywhere.Sure, this means your readers have to wait longer for your next book, but if they’re already your readers, the only thing you’re creating is anticipation and suspense (just as you should have done in your narrative)! Case in point: How many of us are chomping at the bit just to pre-order The Winds of Winter?The good thing is that all this â€Å"theoretical thinking† has actually been validated by several of â€Å"Liliana’s peers†, as Hugh puts it. It takes guts to sit on a book (let alone 4 or 5), but patience is a virtue even in a digital age.

Home and Public Schools Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Home and Public Schools - Research Paper Example In an age-segregated classroom, a child would not be working on his/her own pace but rather someone else's pace. This environment would never be present in any time during our adult life. In a work environment, co-workers would be of all different ages and possesses knowledge in various areas. The assertion, "Home-schooling is inferior to the public education system", is an opinion that can easily be refuted. No one is able to state this as a fact due to the research that had already been done. Former director of "Education Resources Information Center" (ERIC), Dr. Lawrence M. Rudner, had done research to disprove the idea that home-schooling is inferior. He found that on average a home-educated student scores within the 80 percentile on a standardized test when the national average is within the 50 percentile. In addition, the home-schooled student population only made up less than three percent of the student population In America, but ten percent of top contestants for the nation's top scholarships, such as the "Presidential Scholarship", are home-schooled. In consideration of such outstanding records, it's safe to say that the parents are effective teachers despite their lack of a teaching license. This is also due to the vast resources supplied to both parents and students alike by their environment if any material was not understood. Parents are not the only tool or resource home-based educators get information from. In many cases, parents get the assistance of other friends, or any interested person in the family. For example, if an uncle in the family who is particularly skilled in computer graphics, he would be pleased to take part in the home schooling system for that subject. Additionally, parents can quest for on-line education web sites that... This report approves that some children lack social skills regardless of where they attend school. There are plenty of students in public schools who lacked social skills, and they were also tormented and ridiculed by the other children. Being around children everyday isn't going to help them. If anything, it hurts them because they will be dealt emotional scars that will take years to heal. Nonetheless, home-schooled children don't generally have to deal with the negative behaviors exhibited by children in large groups. Most home schooling groups are smaller in size and the children tend to play better with all ages rather than just their age level peers. Children are allowed to mature at their own speed and by the time they're exposed to large groups of children, they're more likely to be socially mature enough to handle the situations. This essay makes a conclusion that the best schooling is not just home or public schooling, its somewhere in the gray area of the two. For each child, one may have more of one or the other; but a combination of the two is much better than just one. While public schools teach us tolerance of different views and ideas; home schooling provides us with the care we all need for certain subjects. Public schools provide students with the social aspects required to stay active and prosper in whatever community they choose to be a part of. While home schooling provides the emphasis and time required for some students to grasp complicated theories or ideas.