Value of Suffering in Markandayas Nectar in a Sieve Essay -- Nectar S

Estimation of Suffering in Markandaya's Nectar in a Sieveâ â Kamala Markandaya's Nectar in a Sieve depicts its positive lady characters as perfect victims and nurturers. [T]he reason for her experiencing springs for the most part neediness and characteristic cataclysm. The ladies are from the country segments of society. They are the little girls of the dirt and have acquired age-old customs which they don't address. Their mental fortitude lies in docile or now and again lively route [sic] of confronting destitution or disaster [Meena Shirdwadkar, Image of Woman in the Indo-Anglian Novel (New Delhi: Sterling, 1979), 49]. Rukmani, the principle character, and her little girl Ira show enduring hroughout the novel. Rukmani tries sincerely and is dedicated to her delicate spouse. She suffers blow after blow from life: neediness, starvation, the separation of her desolate girl, the passings of her children, her little girl's prostitution, lastly her better half's demise. At the point when she discovers te enthusiastic cener of her life, her relationship with her better half, undermined by the disclosure that he fathered another lady's children, she neither strikes out at him nor disintegrates: Incredulity first; thwarted expectation; outrage, censure, torment. To discover, after such a large number of years, in such a coldblooded way. ... He had known her not once yet twice; he had returned to allow her a subsequent child. Also, between, how often, I thought, dreary of soul, while her significant other in his barrenness and I in my honesty sat idle. . . .Finally I put forth an attempt and awakened myself... It is as you state quite a while back, I said tediously. That she is underhanded and ground-breaking I know myself. Allow it to rest. She acknowledges the blow and proceeds onward throughout everyday life. Furthermore, when her child Raja is killed, even her considerations don't communicate defiance. She moves from nu... ...osites of Kunthi. Their integrity starts in their acknowledgment of affliction, though Kunthi's insidious begins in her refusal to forfeit herself for other people. As perfect pictures, Markandaya's champions connect with Shirwadkar's origination of how early Indo-Anglian books depict ladies as Sita-like characters. By satisfying social qualities, in any case, Rukmani and Ira find in their method of lifenot just misery yet additionally a sureness and inward harmony. Shirwadkar claims that ladies in later books lose even the fulfillment of this satisfaction, since they wind up caught between the customary and present day prerequisites for ladies. Prior pictures of quiet, suffering ladies change to new ones, of disappointed ladies got between the Sita-Savitri figure and the cutting edge, Westernized lady. Works Cited: Markandaya, Kamala. Nectar In A Sieve. New York: Signet Fiction, 1995.

International Human Resource Management - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about theInternational Human Resource Management for Employees. Answer: Instructing case Contemporary business associations are entering in the worldwide market so as to upgrade their piece of the overall industry and market nearness. In any case, in working in the worldwide market situation, there are different angles that ought to be considered by the business associations. One of the key variables is the upkeep of the decent variety in the workforce (Jonsen et al. 2013). This is because of the explanation that, in the worldwide business situation, workers are being enrolled from different locales over the world. In this way, these business associations will have differentiated workforce, which ought to be looked after successfully. This is because of the explanation that, in the expanded workforce, representatives has a place from various social and social foundations (Okoro and Washington 2012). In understanding to that, they will have distinctive prerequisite and desire from the association. Along these lines, business associations entering in the worldwide market a nd working with expanded representatives should start successful methodologies so as to improve the adequacy of the enhanced workforce. Qantas is one of the main and greatest aircrafts in Australia just as in the entire world. They are likewise one of most eminent brands regarding the business marking among the activity searchers. Be that as it may, in the ongoing years, they have confronted the issues with their workers in their diverse operational units around the globe. This is because of the explanation that, Qantas is having their operational offices around the globe with having differentiated workers (Patrick and Kumar 2012). Be that as it may, one issue being looked by them is the incapable support of the representatives in the working environment. As per the report being distributed, representatives in the Qantas are having the issue with the work environment condition. Additionally, representatives being enrolled from various social and social foundations have likewise blamed the association that compelling upkeep for the workforce decent variety isn't being improved. Likewise, it is additionally been accoun ted for that, viable preparing and for the workers from various social foundations isn't being started and accordingly these representatives are confronting difficulties in adequately speaking with the nearby workers. For the above talked about issues, Qantas should actualize powerful administration of HR so as to forestall these issues. One of the key and compelling measures for the business associations is the universal human asset the board. Inception of the idea of worldwide human asset the executives will help the business associations to viably oversee and satisfy the necessity of the expanded workforce. One of the key parts of universal human asset the board is the enrollment. Enlisting and choosing the correct representatives who can get balanced with the current authoritative culture and methodology will assist with lessening the opportunity of worker related issues. As indicated by Bratton and Gold (2012), there are predominantly three methodologies being followed in improving the viability of the enrollment arrangements of the business associations. As per the creators, one of the methodologies is the commencement of the ethnocentric methodology. For this situation, the representatives are being chosen distinctly from the parent nation of the associations in their host nation office. However, this model doesn't advance the assorted variety in the association, yet additionally causes the associations to present their authoritative culture in their host nation office moreover. The hierarchical qualities and societies are as a rule viably followed in the host nation unit due to having a similar culture of the representatives from the parent nation (Gehman, Trevino and Garud 2013). Another methodology in the enlistment procedure is the polycentric approach. As per Tiwari (2013), polycentric approach alludes to the enrollment of the workers from the host nation. In this model, business associations have the upsides of viably deciding the neighborhood showcase prerequisite because of the nearness of the nearby representatives. As per the creator, for this situation, the issues identified with the decent variety are as a rule successfully relieved because of the explanation that whole hierarchical structure is being loaded up with the HR from the host nation. In any case, both of these methodologies are not advancing decent variety in the workforce and accordingly, there is less possibility of having the issues identified with the assorted variety. Then again, it is to be noticed that in the commencement of the procedure of the universal human asset the executives, these methodologies will help to viably deal with the representatives from social and social foundat ions (Jeon and Choi 2012). Also, however broadened workforce can't be kept up with these two methodologies yet these will help the business associations to keep up the representatives from a similar social foundations in various operational offices around the globe. Another methodology in the enlistment procedure is the geocentric methodology. As per Guo, Rammal and Dowling (2016), polycentric is the main staffing approach in the global human asset the executives that advances having enhanced workers in the association. As indicated by this methodology, business associations chooses workers both from the host and home nations dependent on the authoritative necessity and ability and aptitude of the competitors. This methodology advances having representatives from various social foundations in the association. Compelling execution of the above expressed advances will help Qantas to diminish the likelihood of the representative related issues. Besides, with having compelling arrangement of enlistment of the workers, Qantas will have the entrance to the talented and mastery representatives, which will additionally assist them with enhancing the upper hands of them in the market. As examined before, representatives from various societies and social foundations had blamed the association for not starting the powerful workplace in the work environment. Accordingly, inception of compelling preparing projects will be gainful for the association because of the explanation that, representatives will be prepared with the household culture of the host nation (Ford 2014). Hence, the issues identified with the representatives from various social foundation can be alleviated. Another suggested measure will be the commencement of the successful approach of assorted variety and equity among the representa tives. This is because of the explanation that, if the representatives from various social foundations can be given equivalent portrayal in the association, at that point all the workers will feel engaged with the association and representative related issues will be diminished and forestalled. Model answers What will be advantages of successful administration of the workforce assorted variety? Workforce decent variety is one of the significant angles that ought to be considered by the business associations in the present business situation. As indicated by Podsiadlowski, Grschke, Kogler, Springer and Van Der Zee (2013), powerful administration of the assorted variety in the work environment will have positive ramifications on the representative commitment. This is because of the explanation that, because of the explanation of successful administration of the assorted variety in the association, representatives will feel persuaded if the specific network from where they have a place is being given the correct consideration. In this way, the viability and the profitability of the workers will get improved. As per the hypothesis being expressed by Maslow with respect to the inspirational level in the working environment, it is being expressed that different elements ought to be considered to upgrade the degree of inspiration of the representatives. On the off chance that the workplace in the association can be viably kept up, at that point the wellbeing needs and love and having a place needs of the representatives will get satisfied. In this way, with the powerful upkeep of the assorted variety in the association, the workplace in the association will get upgraded. This will thusly assist the representatives with feeling increasingly propelled in the association. What's more, with having the inspired workers in the association, the authoritative profitability will get expanded alongside the expansion in the degree of fulfillment of the representatives. In this way, the above distinguished issues can be kept away from. What will be negative ramifications of representative issues for Qantas? As talked about before, there are different issues being recognized in the interior administration of Qantas. One of the key issues being distinguished is the absence of upkeep of decent variety among the representatives. There will be different negative ramifications for these recognized issues for the association. One of the key ramifications will be the absence of inspiration among the representatives. This is because of the explanation that, on the off chance that the assorted variety isn't being kept up in the workforce, at that point representatives will feel associated with other inward partners in the association having a place from the distinctive social foundations. In this way, the commencement of the common trust and collaboration among the workers won't get upgraded. It will likewise influence the connection between the inward partners. Another key ramifications from the above distinguished issues will be fortune of insufficient client assistance. This is because of the explanation that, on the off chance that the representatives are not being included and occupied with the association, at that point they can't have the option to offer successful support to the clients. In this manner, the consumer loyalty level will get influenced alongside the client faithfulness of Qantas. As per the assessment being given by Anitha (2014), representative commitment will decide the exhibition of the workers in the association. This is because of the explanation that, according to the creator, the more drawn in will be the workers, the more adequacy and execution of the representatives. They will feel increasingly associated with the association. In this way, it will thusly improve the client ser

Gluten and Schizophrenia Connection

Gluten and Schizophrenia Connection Schizophrenia Print Gluten and Schizophrenia Connection By Jane Anderson facebook twitter Jane Anderson is a medical journalist and an expert in celiac disease, gluten sensitivity, and the gluten-free diet. Learn about our editorial policy Jane Anderson Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Emmy Ludwig, MD on August 05, 2016 Emmy Ludwig, MD, is board-certified in gastroenterology and hepatology. She practices at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York. Learn about our Medical Review Board Emmy Ludwig, MD Updated on February 03, 2020 Schizophrenia Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children  Wavebreakmedia / Getty Images Psychiatrists have speculated about a potential link between gluten and schizophrenia for more than three decades. In fact, the term bread madness was coined half-a-century ago to describe schizophreniaâ€"there were reports of mental patients recovering spontaneously when bread products (i.e., the bulk of gluten-containing foods in their diets) werent available. Although there have been some case reports of patients with schizophrenia improving with a gluten-free diet, even researchers in the field speculate that only a very small percentage of schizophrenics may ultimately benefit from dietary interventions such as a gluten-free diet. Its also important to recognize that there are no currently accepted dietary recommendations regarding gluten and schizophrenia. Still, researchers are beginning to look at the complex connections that may exist in the immunology of celiac disease, gluten sensitivity, and schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Is a Severe Mental Disorder Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe and potentially disabling brain disorder. It affects about 1% of the overall population. People with schizophrenia suffer from a variety of different symptoms, but may hear voices (hallucinations) or believe people are controlling them or plotting against them (delusions). To control schizophrenia, physicians generally prescribe antipsychotic medication. Support from a psychiatric team is often an essential component of care. Although in some people the disease can be controlled enough for them to be productive members of society, others with schizophrenia are significantly disabled. Although most people with schizophrenia arent violent toward others, approximately 10% ultimately commit suicide. An Overview of Schizophrenia Wheat Gluten as a Possible Schizophrenia Factor Back in 1976, researchers published a study in Science speculating that the gluten protein in wheat caused or promoted schizophrenia. Schizophrenics maintained on a cereal grain-free and milk-free diet and receiving optimal treatment with neuroleptics [i.e., antipsychotic drugs] showed an interruption or reversal of their therapeutic progress during a period of blind wheat gluten challenge, the scientists wrote. After termination of the gluten challenge, the course of improvement was reinstated. The observed effects seemed to be due to a primary schizophrenia-promoting effect of wheat gluten. As the years passed, more studies chimed in on the potential effects of gluten in schizophrenia, with mixed results. A study published in 1981 kept eight chronic schizophrenia patients on a gluten-free, milk-free diet and then challenged them with wheat gluten for five weeks. The study found no difference in their schizophrenia symptoms when they were consuming gluten. However, in a 1986 study, researchers studied 24 patients, primarily people with schizophrenia, on a gluten-free diet, and found that two of those people improved during the gluten-free period and relapsed when the gluten-containing diet was reintroduced. More recent research has noted this effect of the gluten-free diet in a small subset of patients with schizophrenia  and has recommended large-scale epidemiological studies and clinical trials to determine why this happens and which schizophrenia patients might benefit. A comprehensive review of the medical literature on gluten-related illnesses and severe mental disorders reports that people with celiac disease or gluten sensitivity could have a slightly higher risk of schizophrenia and mood disorders. Gluten Antibodies Involved People who have untreated celiac disease (i.e., those who are eating a conventional diet with gluten-containing foods) show high levels of specific antibodies, including the tTG-IgA and EMA-IgA antibodies, when celiac blood tests are performed. These tests are specific to the intestinal damage found due to gluten in celiac disease. Some people with schizophrenia, meanwhile, show high levels of other antibodies to glutenâ€"notably the AGA-IgG and the AGA-IgA antibodies. For example, one study that looked at 1,401 schizophrenia patients found 23% of them had moderate to high levels of AGA-IgA. The AGA-IgA and AGA-IgG antibodies are considered less specific to celiac diseaseâ€"they indicate an immune system reaction to gluten is going on, but not the specific villous atrophy found in celiac disease. Indeed, a study that looked at people with celiac disease and people with schizophrenia separately found the two groups seemed to be reacting to different parts of the gluten protein, indicating that any immune system response to gluten in schizophrenia is different from that of celiac disease, and is independent of any potential intestinal damage. Those with schizophrenia whose blood test results showed antibodies to gluten did not necessarily have the celiac disease genes, the researchers concluded, adding, our results reveal an immunologic response to gluten in individuals with schizophrenia that is clearly different from that in celiac disease. A Word From Verywell Although its not generally accepted in the mental health field, University of Maryland Center for Celiac Research director Dr. Alessio Fasano says that an as-yet undefined subset of people with certain mental disorders, including schizophrenia and also autism, seem to improve or even recover on a gluten-free diet, even if they dont have celiac disease. However, theres currently no accepted way to test for gluten sensitivity. Theres also no accepted way to determine whether a schizophrenia patient would benefit from the gluten-free diet; the AGA-IgA and AGA-IgG tests dont seem to pick up everyone with the condition. Researchers currently are working to identify a specific biomarker that could lead to a medical test that will identify most or all people with gluten sensitivity, including those with schizophrenia. Until more research has been done, medical professionals dont recommend going gluten-free in an effort to help schizophrenia.

Book report - 2409 Words

[LSGI1D03] - [Living in a dynamic earth] with English Writing Requirements ([Huseyin Baki IZ]) [Book report of Earth Science and Human History 101] STUDENT NAME: [LAU KA KI VIVIAN] STUDENT ID: [12102126D] GROUP ID: EWT004[JOE CHING] DATE: [17/10/2013] CAR - Living in a dynamic earth Essay first draft Evolving from ape-man society to the advanced civilization nowadays, people start to inhabit in artificial concrete jungle and live far away from the given natural environment. With social progression and economic benefits, peoples crave for natural resources keeps escalating from time to time. People have a great tendency to consume resources yet ignore the long-term behavioral consequences that are destined to cycle†¦show more content†¦(Chapter 1, P.17) For example, in the Little Ice Age, a decrease in food production and rise in food prices due to a cold climate spurred the emigration of people and eventually the high food process leaded the French Revolution. It is evident that although it seems irrelevant, when viewing the human history and climates together, we can find huge and direct relationship that can by no means be overlooked. Climate changes human behaviors and builds history. After explaining the linkage between climate and human activities, global warming is discussed as a non-stop phenomenon that keeps influencing us. After showing evidence of global warming, it is, however, stated that the rapid increases of the amount of greenhouse gases is mainly caused by human activity and social progression. For instance, in the 1700s, the industrial revolution started up the human economic production fuelled by coal; after that, the development of car (an industrial production) speeded up the utilization of oil especially in developed countries. Volcanoes, oceans and rivers activities and influences are explored to end the chapter. (Chapter 1, P.25) This chapter provides history of the Earth and human, which explains the rational behind climates and human activities and further notice us the possibility of influences to us in the future. After the comprehensiveShow MoreRelatedThe Book Thief Summer Book Report1080 Words   |  5 Pages9 20 March 2015 The Book Thief Summer Book Report 3. What are the best parts of this book? Why? What are the worst parts of this book? Why? Give details with page numbers from the book to explain. I think the best parts of the book are where you see Liesel grow and understand the difficult times that she lives in with her limited knowledge of life. Something I really enjoyed this book was the characterization and background of the characters. One of the best parts of the book is when we see the firstRead MoreBook Report On Technology And The Internet1262 Words   |  6 PagesThis book is different than other books of the similar topics. 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The Bureau of the Census provided the information as part of the Home Shelter Survey. The report was not what the man wanted to hear. The protection factor of the man’s basement was nowhere near the recommended minimum of forty. The man thought of how scared his wife was; he just wanted her to feel safe. The man wished he could be more likeRead MoreBook Report1435 Words   |  6 PagesTen months later in January 1972, as a consequence of the arrival of a special courier sent direc tly from the Pentagon, Lt. Colonel Jackson Joseph MacKenzie received a note to report immediately to the office of his commanding officer. While walking across the packed earth of the forward base camp, the battle-hardened officer wondered about the top-secret mission assigned to his handpicked squad of highly trained Special Forces soldiers. When Lt. Colonel MacKenzie strolled into Colonel Johnson’sRead MoreBook Report1203 Words   |  5 PagesWe both sat in silence in that small diner. 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Wes’ father calmed Joy downRead MoreBook Report On The Book The Night 921 Words   |  4 PagesToday is September 1st, 1939 in Holland. Right now I’m going to be writing a book, it is going to be really good. I wish it would be published so that lots of people could read it and enjoy it. Once I’m finished with my book I will lend a copy to my good friends the Franks. The Franks are, Otto Frank, Edith Frank, Margot Frank, and Anne Frank. So it’s 1:00 in the afternoon and while I was in the middle of writing my book I was interrupted by a loud, BANG! Then there were even more loud noises andRead MoreBook Report On The Book Animals 1058 Words   |  5 Pagesvolunteer and substitute at. The book I read was Animals in Winter by !add author! and illustrated by !add illustrator!. I had three different age-appropriate books that I prepared to read and communicated with the teacher on which one would be best. The teacher mentioned they were studying animals and that her 1st graders had taken interest in them. Therefore, I chose the book that related most to animals within the context of their grade level. To introduce the book, I introduced the title and author

Which Way Does The Wind Blow - 1676 Words

Which Way Does the Wind Blow? The Aeolian harp in Coleridge and Shelley The Aeolian harp is a simple instrument that sounds music according to the wind. Its music depends primarily on the direction, speed, and strength of the wind, but there isn’t much to the harp other than that. Despite being just a simple instrument with a simple concept, it still manages to make an appearance in many Romantic poems, including the poems of Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Percy Bysshe Shelley. It’s natural that the Aeolian harp became a Romantic symbol because it lets itself be deeply affected by nature; however, one would think that it is already a solid concept, therefore it would appear to be the same in all Romantic poetry. While Coleridge and Shelley sometimes share ideas about the Aeolian harp, they manage to transform it in a multitude of ways that differ between the two poets and sometimes even in the individual poet’s own poetry. 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Washington Mutual Bank Case for Consumer Rights Free Essays

McKell v. Washington Mutual Bank (2006) is a case for consumer rights highlighting the prerogative of the consumers to ‘buy at the right price.’   In this case, the consumers were not buying goods and services. We will write a custom essay sample on Washington Mutual Bank: Case for Consumer Rights or any similar topic only for you Order Now    Rather, the market consisted of real property; and one of the stakeholders – Washington Mutual, Inc. – was overstating the prices of â€Å"underwriting, tax services, and wire transfer fees in conjunction with home loans.† [1]   Washington Mutual Bank had overcharged the buyers for these services – alleged the plaintiffs (few of the buyers) – when the actual prices that the bank had paid to service providers for the self same services were less. The defendants (Washington Mutual) were simply making a profit on the services they had bought off different providers and selling to other members of society that needed them at the time.   Is this kind of profit making unlawful? – From the viewpoint of consumers, it may very well be unlawful, seeing that all consumers want to pay the ‘best prices.’   However, if the consumers were to stop using the services of Washington Mutual Bank, they would possibly have to visit various service providers for underwriting, tax services, and wire transfers, and still come to the defendants for home loans. In the integrative business of Washington Mutual, everything is taken care of.   In view of this, it was decided by a trial court in California that the complaint made by the plaintiffs must be dismissed on the grounds that there had been no written agreement between the parties to state that Washington Mutual, Inc. cannot charge in excess of the prices that it pays to the service providers.   The case went into appeal.   It is going to continue being considered; in fact, the California Court of Appeal has agreed with a part of the plaintiff’s complaint and agreed to review this consumer case further.[2] The main reason why the McKell v. Washington Mutual Bank case has still not been shut is that consumers feel deceived when they are told that they are being charged simply the prices of the services bought, when in fact the sellers have overcharged.   Although profit making is not considered illegal, in this case the consumers feel cheated because they had been informed by Washington Mutual that they were being charged the prices of certain services that cost a certain amount. As it turned out, the prices charged included a huge markup, while the consumers continued to believe that they were paying the ‘right prices.’   The plaintiffs failed to produce all necessary documents to support their allegations.   Nevertheless, the fact that Washington Mutual had failed to mention to the consumers that a service fee was being added for the services in question – has landed the bank in hot water.   Moreover, by charging a price that is higher than the market price, the bank is responsible for going against â€Å"Congress’s stated intent to protect consumers from unnecessarily high settlement charges.†[3]   Indeed, this is the strongest argument to keep the McKell v. Washington Mutual case going in the near future. Washington Mutual Bank may be charged with near-monopolistic practices in the coming days, although it has not been determined whether the bank’s competitors are charging markups that are vastly dissimilar.   Assuming that the competitors of the bank are charging much less than Washington Mutual, the justice system may very well decide that Washington Mutual must pay the legal charges of unfair competition. Seeing that both federal and state laws demur near-monopolistic practices, that is, charging prices that are much higher than those at the market equilibrium – the Californian courts may eventually end up with a strong hand protecting the interests of the consumer and charging Washington Mutual Bank much more than it charged its consumers through allegedly â€Å"unfair† practices.[4] Works Cited McKell v. Washington Mutual: IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA, SECOND APPELLATE COURT, DIVISION ONE. 2006. 4 June 2007. http://classactiondefense.jmbm.com/mckellclassactiondefense_opn.pdf. McKell v. Washington Mutual-Class Action Defense Cases: Defense Motion To Dismiss Class Action Improperly Granted As To Breach of Contract And UCL Claims Based On Federal RESPA Violations California Court Holds. Class Action Defense Blog. 2007. 4 June 2007 http://classactiondefense.jmbm.com/2006/09/class_action_defense_casesmcke_1.html. [1] â€Å"McKell v. Washington Mutual-Class Action Defense Cases: Defense Motion To Dismiss Class Action Improperly Granted As To Breach of Contract And UCL Claims Based On Federal RESPA Violations California Court Holds,† Class Action Defense Blog, 2007, 4 June 2007 http://classactiondefense.jmbm.com/2006/09/class_action_defense_casesmcke_1.html. [2] â€Å"McKell v. Washington Mutual: IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA, SECOND APPELLATE COURT, DIVISION ONE,† 2006, 4 June 2007, http://classactiondefense.jmbm.com/mckellclassactiondefense_opn.pdf. [3] â€Å"McKell v. Washington Mutual-Class Action Defense Cases.† [4] Ibid. How to cite Washington Mutual Bank: Case for Consumer Rights, Essay examples

Overview of the Indian Banking Sector Essay Sample free essay sample

1 IntroductionHarmonizing to the International Monetary Fund. as of 2011. the Indian economic system is the ninth-largest economic system by market exchange rates. Behind the cryptically rapid growing of this freshly industrialised state. few know that its banking system. following back to the last decennaries of the 18 century. started off to be unprosperous. though subsequently enhanced. This paper provides an overview of the banking sector in India. including its assorted classs of fiscal establishments and their several maps. Thursday 2 HistoryThe earliest Bankss in the banking history were The General Bank of India. started in 1786. and the Bank of Hindustan. started in 1790 ( IBO ) . both of which no longer exist today. The oldest bank in being in India is the State Bank of India. Together with The Bank of Bombay and the Bank of Madaras. they were the three Presidency Bankss established under charters from the British East India Company. For many old ages. these Presidency Bankss acted as India’s quasi-central Bankss. We will write a custom essay sample on Overview of the Indian Banking Sector Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In 1848-49. there was an economic crisis in India. taking to the failure of many Bankss. Coupled with the eruption of the American civil war. bank failures prevailed ; depositors lost money in maintaining sedimentations in the bank ; it was a dark epoch of the Indian banking history. As Lord Curzon. the so Viceroy of India puts it. â€Å"In regard of banking it seems we are behind the times. We are like some old fashioned sailing ship. divided by solid wooden bulkheads into separate and cumbrous compartments. † Around the bend of the twentieth Century. the Indian economic system brightened up and entered into a comparative period of stableness. As a consequence of the Swadeshi motion. many more Bankss were established. A figure of Bankss which have survived to the present include the Bank of India. Corporation Bank. Indian Bank. Bank of Baroda. Canara Bank and Central Bank of India. Many private Indian Bankss were subsequently established in the Dakshina Kannada and Udupi territory. doing the territory known as the â€Å"Cradle of Indian Banking† . In 1935. the Reserve Bank of India officially took over the duties from the so Imperial Bank of India ( the three Presidency Bankss ) . After India’s independency in 1947. the Reserve Bank was nationalized and given more extended powers. doing it the cardinal bank of India. 3 Mundell’s Holy Trinity3. 1 Floating Exchange RateThe Indian Rupee ( INR or ) is the official currency of India. From 1950 to mid-December 1973. India followed an exchange rate government with the Rupee linked to the Pound Sterling. In 1975. the Rupee’s broke its ties with the Pound Sterling and established a floating exchange government. with the Rupee’s effectual rate being linked to a basket of currencies dwelling of India’s major trading spouses ( Go Currency. 2011 ) . The 2011 USD vs INR graph is shown in Table 3. 1 ( See Appendix ) . 3. 2 Free Capital FlowSince the early 1990s. the macro-economic environment in India has been sing gradual deregulating and liberalisation. and is no longer tightly regulated. There is a free motion of capital. 3. 3 Limited Independence of Monetary PolicyThe floating exchange rate and free capital flow make India lose some of its pecuniary policy independency. However. India is presently trying to keep some control over its pecuniary policy by actively pull offing its exchange rate. edifice up its international militias by step ining in the foreign exchange market ( from US $ 5. 8 billion at end-March 1991 to US $ 304. 8 billion as on March 31. 2011. see Table 3. 3 ) . so as to restrict exchange rate volatility ( Hutchison A ; Sengupta. 2010 ) . 4 Distinctive FeaturesIndia’s alone geographical. societal. and economic features make its banking system significantly different from that of other Asiatic states. With its big population of 1. 210. 193. 422 and relatively low literacy rate of 74. 04 % ( Maps of India ) . the country’s economic policy model is to a great extent biased towards public sector investing. As a consequence. the banking industry serves as an instrument of province policy. subjected to assorted nationalisation strategies in different stages ( 1955. 1969 and 1980 ) . Indian’s banking sector therefore remained internationally isolated. due to its high preoccupations with domestic precedences ( Deolalka ) . To day of the month. the Big Four Bankss of India are: HDFC Bank. State Bank of India. ICICI Bank and Punjab National Bank. 4 5 Fiscal Structure5. 1 Central bank — Reserve Bank of India ( RBI )5. 1. 1 Background The Reserve Bank of India was established on April 1. 1935 in conformity with the commissariats of the Reserve Bank of India Act. 1934. It was originally in private owned. but became nationalized in 1949 ( Reserve Bank of India: India’s Central Bank ) . 5. 1. 2 Function and Roles The Preamble of the Reserve Bank of India outlines the cardinal maps of the Reserve Bank: â€Å"†¦to modulate the issue of Bank Notes and maintaining of militias with a position to procuring pecuniary stableness in India and by and large to run the currency and recognition system of the state to its advantage. † The Reserve Bank has 6 major functions: 1. Monetary Authority RBI formulates pecuniary policies so as to keep fiscal stableness and a sustainable flow of recognition to investors and productive sectors. 2. Regulator and Supervisor of the Banking System RBI prescribes wide regulations and parametric quantities of banking operations. so as to protect depositors’ and investors’ involvements and maintain public assurance in the banking system. 3. Note Issuer Apart from Rupee notes and coins. or other subordinate coins. RBI issues currency to keep an equal money supply and currency-note quality for public circulation. 4. Manager of Foreign Exchange RBI manages the Foreign Exchange Management Act. 1999. supervises trade payments and promotes orderly development of the foreign exchange market. 5. Developmental Role RBI performs a broad scope of maps in line with province policies and helps recognize national aims as respects the banking system. 5. 2 Commercial BanksCommercial Bankss are the oldest and fastest turning Bankss in India. They attract the idle nest eggs of the people in the signifier of sedimentations and are the most of import depositories and loaners. Profitableness. liquidness. safety and societal public assistance are the primary rules of commercial Bankss. Secondary maps include publishing letters of recognition. set abouting safe detention of valuables by supplying safe sedimentation vaults. standing warrant on behalf of its clients. supply credit-worthiness statements with respect to clients etc. As of March 2011. India has 167 commercial Bankss ( see Table 5 ) . the figure has declined by around 43 % as compared to that of 293 in March 2003 ( Reserve Bank of India ) . 5. 2. 1 Public Sector Banks Public sector Bankss are 1s which the Government of India holds the major interest. The United Bank of India was the first public sector bank in India. after being nationalized in July 19. 1969. The State Bank of India used to be the biggest bank on all parametric quantities of size and net incomes. but merely on November 16. 2011. the HDFC Bank overtook the State Bank of India in market capitalisation and became the largest alternatively ( Business: HDFC Bank overtakes SBI in market cap ) . Other illustrations of public sector Bankss include Bank of India. Punjab National Bank and the Allahabad Bank. 5. 2. 2 Private Banks Private Banks refers to Bankss which are non incorporated. IndusInd Bank was the first pivate bank in India to be set up. Till now. it is still one of the fastest turning private Bankss in India. As portion of RBI’s liberalisation of the Indian banking industry. Housing Development Finance Corporation Limited was the first Private Bank in India to have a rule. Examples of private Bankss include ING Vyasya Bank. SBI Commercial Bank and the ICIC bank. 5. 2. 3 Foreign Banks The entry of foreign Bankss into the Indian banking sector has brought the latest engineering and banking patterns into India. in bend doing the Indian banking system more competitory and efficient ( Foreign Banks in India ) . Examples of foreign Bankss include BNP Paribas. HSBC Ltd and Deutsche Bank. 5. 3 Co-operative BanksCo-operative Bankss are engaged in production. processing. selling. service. distribution and banking in India. They are engaged in funding rural and agricultural development and face stiff competition from commercial Bankss and other fiscal establishments. Compared to commercial Bankss. co-operative Bankss offer a much narrower grade of merchandises. Co-operative Bankss are fiscal entities which belong to their members. who are at the same clip the proprietors and clients of the bank. They play a peculiarly of import function in rural and agricultural funding. The Anyonya Co-operative Bank in India is the first concerted bank in Asia. In recent old ages. there is a crisp addition in the figure of primary co-operative Bankss ( India Finance and Investment Guide ) . To day of the month. there are 1926 co-operative Bankss in India ( Reserve Bank of India ) . 5. 3. 1 Short-run Credit Co-operatives 5. 3. 1. 1 Primary Agricultural Credit Societies ( PACS ) PACS trade straight with single borrowers. Since members have unlimited liability. in instance of failure. each member is to the full responsible for the full loan. Loans are given for short periods. usually for the crop season. on a fixed involvement rate ( Jeevitha ) . 5. 3. 1. 2 Cardinal Co-operative Banks ( CCBs ) District Central Cooperative Banks ( DCCB ) map as a span between primary societies and the 3rd tier—State Cooperative Apex Banks ( SCB ) . Their chief map is to impart to primary recognition societies. Apart from that. more and more of these Bankss are now prosecuting in commercial banking concern by pulling sedimentations from the general populace and doing secured loans ( Jeevitha ) . 5. 3. 1. 3 State Co-operative Banks ( SCBs ) SCBs serve as a nexus between the RBI and the general money market on the one side and the cardinal co-operative and primary societies on the other. They obtain their financess chiefly from the general populace by manner of sedimentations. loans and progresss from the Reserve Bank ( Jeevitha ) . Under the Banking Regulation Act 1949. merely State Cooperative Apex Banks. District Central Cooperative Banks and choice Urban Credit Cooperatives are qualified to be regarded as Bankss in the co-op sector for the lawful and fully fledged conductivity of banking concern. 5. 3. 2 Long-run Credit Co-operatives There are 2 grades for long-run recognition co-operative Bankss in India. The Primary Concerted Agribusiness and Rural Development Banks ( PCARDB ) is at the primary degree while the State Cooperative Agriculture and Rural Development Bank is at the province degree. Short-run Credit Co-operatives Long-run Credit Co-operatives District Central Cooperative Banks State Agriculture A ; Rural Development Banks State Co-operative Banks Primary Agriculture Credit Co-operative Societies Primary Agriculture A ; Rural Development Banks 5. 4 Regional Rural Banks ( RRBs )The chief aim of RRBs was to supply recognition to little and fringy husbandmans. agricultural laborers and the similar. for the development of agribusiness. trade and commercialism in the rural countries. In 1976. the Regional Rural Banks Act was passed. Its intent was to supply for the incorporation. ordinance and weaving up of Regional Rural Banks in a command to further develop the rural economic system. For illustration. NABARD is a Regional Rural Banks in India. It provides and regulates recognition in rural sectors. and promotes development chiefly in agribusiness. handcrafts and small town industries. 5. 5 Development BanksDevelopment Bankss are intervened by the authorities to advance economic growing. They provide aid to concerns which require medium and long-run capital for the purchase of machinery and equipment. They aim to assist companies spread out and overhaul through supplying them with the needed financess. They act as an mortician in the portions and unsecured bonds issued by their clients in instance of under subscription of the issue by the populace. Examples include the Industrial Finance Corporation of India ( IFCI ) and State Financial Corporations ( SFCs ) . 5. 6 Fiscal establishmentsFinancial establishments act as an mediator between the creditors and debitors. They assist resource allotment and maintain liquidness in the fiscal market. 5. 6. 1 All-India fiscal establishments ( AIFIs ) 5. 6. 1. 1 Development FinanceInstitutions ( DFI ) DFIs were established to impart financess and decide market failures in developing economic systems where there is a deficiency of long-run investings. The first DFI to be established was the Industrial Finance Corporation of India ( IFCI ) in 1948. Other illustrations include the Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India ( ICICI ) which chiefly focused on foreign equity. every bit good as the Industrial Development Bank of India ( IDBI ) . which was set up as a subordinate of RBI. 5. 6. 1. 2 Specialized Banks These Bankss support the puting up of concern in a specific country or activity which they are specialized in. The Export-Import Bank of India ( EXIM ) . with the intent of funding. facilitating. and advancing foreign trade of India. is a specialised bank. The Small Industries Development Bank of India ( SIDBI ) . which is specialized in assisting small-to-medium sized endeavors in puting up their concern ( India in Business ) . is another. There are two chief channels of funding for SIDBIs: Direct funding and indirect funding. Direct funding involves refinancing and rediscounting measures through 894 primary loaning establishments holding 65. 000 mercantile establishments across the state. Indirect funding involves making the specific mark groups through SIDBI’s 38 offices through bespoke strategies. 5. 6. 2 State Financial Corporations ( SFCs ) SFCs. operating as development Bankss. play an of import function in the development of little and average endeavors. with the aim of funding and advancing these endeavors to widen the ownership base and accomplish balanced regional growing ( Garg A ; Gupta. 2011 ) . SFCs provide fiscal aid by term loans. direct subscription to bonds and equity. warrants. discounting of measures of exchange etc. Examples include the Punjab Fianancial Corporation ( PFC ) . and the Haryana Financial Corporation ( HFC ) . 5. 6. 3 State Industrial Development Corporations ( SIDCs ) SIDCs are chiefly independent organic structures controlled or owned by the State authorities. At present. there are about 28 SIDCs in India. Their chief maps include the publicity of rapid industrialisation and development in the backward and undiscovered topographic points. Like commercial Bankss. they give loans. rental finance and warrants. yet their mark clients are normally those from the grass-root degree. A outstanding illustration is the Himachal Pradesh State Industrial Development Corporation ( India ) . 6 Regulative Bodies6. 1 Reserve Bank of India ( RBI )RBI’s regulative duties can be seen in 5. 1. 2 Function and Roles in the above. 6. 2 Indian Banks’ Association ( IBA )The IBA is an consultative organisation. It is responsible for the coevals and exchange of thoughts on banking policies and patterns and Acts of the Apostless as a glade house for the airing of statistical informations ( Indian Banks’ Association. 2011 ) . It besides handles pay dialogues between labour brotherhoods and bank directions ( Deolalka ) . 6. 3 Ministry of Finance ( MoF )MoF is responsible for oversing the legislative. policies. regulations and ordinances regulating the banking and securities market ( Ministry of Finance. Government of India ) . 7 DecisionThe long history of the banking system in India gives it the advantage of stableness and soundness in footings of growing and plus quality. However. in visible radiation of the intense competition from foreign Bankss. the growing of Indian Bankss is confronting the menace of being stagnated. To increase the Indian banking sector’s competitory border. more development attempts could be placed in progressing the banking engineering to increase proficiency and efficiency. India could besides farther use its established rural subdivision webs toenlarge its client base. thereby increasing microfinance activities and other banking activities for the agribusiness sector. 10 Mentions Business: HDFC Bank overtakes SBI in market cap. ( n. d. ) . Retrieved November 23. 2011. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. greaterkashmir. com/news/2011/Nov/17/hdfc-bank-overtakes-sbi-in-market-cap-13. a sp Deolalka. G. H. ( n. d. ) . The Indian Banking Sector On the Road to Progress. Foreign Banks in India. ( n. d. ) . Retrieved November 23. 2011. from Finance and investing Guide: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. iloveindia. com/finance/bank/foreign-banks/index. hypertext markup language Garg. R. . A ; Gupta. P. ( 2011 ) . State Financial Corporations and Industrial Development ( A Case Study of PFC and HFC ) . Journal on Banking Financial Services A ; Insurance Research. 69-83. Go Currency. ( 2011. November 26 ) . Retrieved from What is the Indian Rupee ( INR ) ? : hypertext transfer protocol: //www. gocurrency. com/countries/india. htm Hutchison. M. . A ; Sengupta. R. a. ( 2010. September 22 ) . India’s trilemma: fiscal liberalisation. exchange rates and pecuniary policy. IBO. ( n. d. ) . From History of Indian Banks: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. indianbanks. org/indian-banks/history-indian-banks/ India Finance and Investment Guide. ( n. d. ) . Retrieved November 23. 2011. from Concerted Banks in India: hypertext transfer protocol: //finance. indiamart. com/investment_in_india/cooperative_banks_india. hypertext markup language India in Business. ( n. d. ) . Retrieved November 23. 2011. from Investing: National Level Finanical Institutions: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. indiainbusiness. nic. in/investment/national. htm Indian Banks’ Association. ( 2011. November 26 ) . Retrieved from About IBA: Aim: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. iba. org. in/Objects. asp Jeevitha. M. E. ( n. d. ) . Rural Banking. Tamilnadu College of Engineering. Department of Management Studies and Research. Maps of India. ( n. d. ) . Retrieved from Census 2011: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. mapsofindia. com/census2011/literacy-rate. hypertext markup language Mathur. K. B. ( 2003. February 22 ) . Development Financial Institutions At the Crossroads. Economic and Political Weekly. Ministry of Finance. Government of India. ( n. d. ) .Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //finmin. nic. in/ Mohan. R. ( 2008. December ) . The Role of Fiscal and Monetary Policies in Sustaining Growth with Stability in India. Asiatic Economic Policy Review. Vol. 3. Issue 2. pp. 209-236. Reserve Bank of India. ( n. d. ) . Publications: Statisticss Associating to Commercial Banks At A Glance. Reserve Bank of India: India’s Central Bank. ( n. d. ) . Retrieved from Organizations and Functions: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. run batted in. org. in/scripts/AboutusDisplay. aspx # EP The Himachal Pradesh State Industrial Development Corporation Ltd. ( n. d. ) . Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //hpsidc. nic. in/

Isolation within The Yellow Wallpaper, Miss Brill, and Once Upon a Time

Isolation within The Yellow Wallpaper, Miss Brill, and Once Upon a Time Free Online Research Papers The French artist Joseph Roux once said that Solitude vivifies, but isolation kills. Many things have a negative impact on society; one of these things is an individual being isolated. This will not only have a negative effect on society but also on the person being isolated. In three short stories; Miss Brill, Once Upon a Time, and The Yellow Wallpaper the three main characters are each isolated each one being isolated for different reasons. These isolations have a negative impact on the person directly and also the people around them. In Miss Brill the main character is isolated from society because no one seems to notice her, this drives her to live in her own little fantasy world and view the world as a giant play. In the story of Once Upon a Time the main characters isolate themselves from the outside world because they are afraid of what is going on around them, this inadvertently causes them to be killed by what they thought would be protecting them. The Yellow Wallpaper deals with a woman who seems to be suffering from post-partum depression and has been put on a rest cure that supposedly cures the patients of this depression but seems to have a negative effect on the person by causing them to go insane. In the story Miss Brill has a fur that she relates to as if it was a friend of hers Dear little thing! It was nice to feel it again. She had taken it out of its box that afternoon, shaken out the moth powder, given it a good brush, and rubbed the life back into the dim little eyes. This fur serves as a symbol of her inner child as well, when she places it back in the box its as if she hears a faint little cry. In Mansfields Miss Brill the main character copes with her isolation from the rest of the world by creating her own little fantasy world. And now Miss Brill reaches the top of the hierarchy of unrealities. She literally believes she is an actress, a not unimportant one, in a splendid play? Every Sunday, Miss Brill emerges from her home to involve herself in as many lives as she possibly can. Her day commonly involves her taking a walk through the Jardins Publiques, stopping to watch and listen to the band that plays under the gazebo, watch and eavesdrop on the people around her, and after the day has come to a close she stops off at a bakery to purchase an almond cake. Miss Brills most common activity consists of eavesdropping on the people around here attempting to view everything as a play, this eavesdropping is the only contact that Miss Brill has with people. We see the world through Miss Brills eyes and how she sees the world giving us a good insight on just how isolated she really is. Even though Miss Brill does not actually have a conversation with the people she watches she tries to convince herself that she has some minimal amount of meaning to them. To Miss Brill life was exactly like a play, everyone was on a giant stage. In the story Miss Brill has a fur that she relates to as if it was a friend of hers, This fur serves as a symbol of her inner child as well, when she places it back in the box its as if she hears a faint little cry. She saw everyone as actors. Miss Brill is always trying to find some way to keep herself entertained but some things seem extremely boring. Even her part was important to her so she made an appearance every Sunday. She thought for sure that someone would notice if she wasnt there. This is Miss Brills major flaw she tries to convince herself that she has some sort of actual meaning to the people around her when they, in reality, dont socialize with her and dont think any more of her then just a common elderly woman in the park. Miss Brill constantly attempts to raise herself to the standard of the people around her. She is constantly trying to make it seem she is just as important or even more important then the people around her. When she finally realizes that no one around her really cares for her and she just lives a dull little life her world comes crashing down around her. To the people that regularly attend the park Miss Brill might be considered an actress. Attempting to eavesd rop on there conversations while thinking she is un-noticed, could in fact be considered quite comical to the people that attend the park. She gives off many signals to the people around her when eavesdropping whether it is a rising of the head or a tearing of the eyes. It can almost be said that she is being watched by the people at the park just as much as she is watching them. In a lot of cases what is meant to help someone can actually turn out to hurt them, this is the case in The Yellow Wallpaper. When we have the intent to do something positive it will not always turn out a positive effect, just because the intention is positive does not mean the effect will be also. The Yellow Wallpaper is an example of such a situation. In The Yellow Wallpaper the narrator is locked up in a room which is covered in this hideous yellow wallpaper, this is supposed to be a cure for the woman, whom is suffering from post partum depression. The narrators husband, a physician believes that his tr eatment will help his wife and forces her into the room. This treatment, however, does not serve to help her but rather serves as another hindrance and only worsens her condition. Under the instruction of her husband, the narrator was moved to a house miles from civilization in the isolated country, where she is locked into the hideous room on the second floor. This room does not seem to freshen her mind but seems to dull it further and drive her further into a repressed state. During her stay in the room the door is locked and the windows where already barred upon arriving to the house. Being exposed to the rooms yellow wallpaper only serves to further her depressed state and drive her further and further into the depths of insanity. Throughout the story the hideous wallpaper acts as the antagonist of the story. There is nothing to do in the secluded room but stare at the wallpaper. The narrator tells of the scattered pattern as having no organization. Her constant examination and reflection of the wallpaper causes her to over think things and go further insane. This treatment calls for isolation has a repressive factor .The narrator did not believe isolation would cure her disorder. Social contact and outside stimulation was her desire. She was cut off from society and not allowed to see her baby. It is not natural nor is it recommended to be cut off from society for such a long period of time. Society provides an array of different sights, sounds, feelings and stimuli to the people who inhabit it. Going without human contact is not what is meant for people to be exposed to. To fulfill her need to be near people she invents a person she thinks lives inside the wallpaper. The image of a woman is clearly an effect of delirium on the narrator from prolonged isolation. Her psychosis becomes so in depth that she becomes involved with her imagined character. In a frantic action the now malfunctioning narrator began to try to free the women from behind the wallpapers pattern. She destroys yards of the wallpaper. The treatment contributes to her im pending mental demise she is first diagnosed with a minor nervous disorder. On her last day of treatment she is participating with hallucinations as if they are real. This obviously shows that the appointed cure only serves to fortify the minor illness. The negative qualities of the rehabilitation regimen cause her to go insane. Towards the end of the story, the narrator is delirious and constantly creeping around the room. Her husband goes into the room and upon seeing his wife in a deranged state creeping through the torn wallpaper falls on the floor and faints. Clearly this treatment is issued with good intentions, but fails to bring about positive results. The lack of social exposure, physical repression, and ugly wallpaper causes the treatment to be very ineffective and detrimental. The room is the main cause of her delirium with the psych ward like details. When Nadine Gordimer was asked to write a childrens story, she replied with a short story titled Once Upon A Time. Although the title is common of a fairy tale, the tale ends in something other then the common happily ever after. Gordimer distorts the fairy tale by dealing with certain issues in society rather than giving the reader the usual fairy tale characteristics. The first story seems to give insight to how the main story came about. Three of the more significant issues Gordimer likes to deal with in her story are racial discrimination and prejudice, societys insecurities, and the way isolation works on the human mind. Gordimers Once Upon A Time has the feeling of insecurity right away. In the first part of her story, Gordimer reminds us of our own insecurities. She brings up a familiar situation in which one is awakened by a bump in the night and cannot go back to sleep because of fear or their own insecurities. Gordimer writes that she has no burglar bars, no gun under the p illow, but I have the same fears as people who do take these precautions. So, to better convey this issue of societys insecurities, she tells herself a bedtime story. In the story, there is a family who is living happily ever after, yet is seems it is all that they can do to keep it that way. Rather than putting their insecurities aside and getting on with their lives, they feel that they must put their trust in security devices to protect their selves, thus isolating themselves from the outside world. For a short while, the family has a sense of security by posting a plaque stating YOU HAVE BEEN WARNED over the silhouette of a prospective intruder. After a short time the familys psychological need for more security calls for a number of new security devices in order to sustain the top level of security. It is in the familys pursuit of this security that they virtually imprison themselves. After the family has had burglar bars installed, Gordimer now describes the view from each window as looking at the sky and trees through the bars. The language Nadine Gordimer uses in her story is reminiscent of childrens stories and fairy tales. First of all, the title, Once Upon A Time, is the epitome of a fairy tale; it is the most familiar opening line. The language she uses is simplistic, the story is full of simple vocabulary, and has very simple sentence structure. The author also makes use of repetition. The phrases, HAVE BEEN WARNED, and living happily ever after are repeated several times throughout the story. This simplistic language is often seen in fairy tales because it makes them easy to understand. Gordimers story shows how foolish it is to isolate yourself based on just a fear of the outside world. Through these three stories we see how bad isolation can affect our everyday lives. The subject of isolation can cause us to suffer form an extreme delirium greater then any disease that it is trying to cure, it can serve to create a fantasy world in which someone can live until that world is brought down around them, and lastly it can serve as a destruction to someones life because they are afraid of what can happen to them in society. Isolation definitely has a negative effect on society and the people within it, the extent of this effect can depend on a number of factors such as the people the isolation is affecting, the situation under which the isolation is administered, and even the psychological stability of the person being isolated. People who are isolated can never benefit from this isolation but it can only serve as a hindrance to them. 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Historical Profile of the Visigoths

Historical Profile of the Visigoths The Visigoths were a Germanic group considered to have separated from other Goths around the fourth century, when they moved from Dacia (now in Romania) into the Roman Empire. Over time they moved further west, into and down Italy, then to Spain where many settled and back east again into Gaul (now France). The Spanish kingdom remained until the early eighth century when they were conquered by Muslim invaders. East-German Immigrant Origins The Visigoths origins were with the Theruingi, a group comprised of several peoples Slavs, Germans, Sarmatians, and others under the recently acquired leadership of Gothic Germans. They came to historical prominence when they moved, along with the Greuthungi, from Dacia, across the Danube, and into the Roman Empire, possibly because of pressure from Huns attacking westwards. There may have been approximately 200,000 of them. The Theruingi were â€Å"allowed† into the empire and settled in return for military service, but rebelled against Roman strictures, thanks to the greed and mistreatment of local Roman commanders, and began plundering the Balkans. In 378 CE they met and defeated the Roman Emperor Valens at the Battle of Adrianople, killing him in the process. In 382 the next Emperor, Theodosius, tried a different tactic, settling them in the Balkans as federates and tasking them with the defense of the frontier. Theodosius also used the Goths in his armies on campaign elsewhere. During this period they converted to Arian Christianity. The Visigoths Rise At the end of the fourth century a confederation of Theruingi and Greuthungi, plus their subject people, led by Alaric became known as the Visigoths (although they may only have considered themselves Goths) and began moving again, first to Greece and then into Italy, which they raided on numerous occasions. Alaric played off rival sides of the Empire, a tactic which included plundering, in order to secure a title for himself and regular supplies of food and cash for his people (who had no land of their own). In 410 they even sacked Rome. They decided to try for Africa, but Alaric died before they could move. Alaric’s successor, Ataulphus, then led them west, where they settled in Spain and part of Gaul. Shortly after they were asked back east by the future emperor Constantius III, who settled them as federates in Aquitania Secunda, now in France. During this period, Theodoric, who we now regard as their first proper king emerged, who ruled until he was killed at the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains in 451. The Kingdom of the Visigoths In 475, Theodoric’s son and successor, Euric, declared the Visigoths independent of Rome. Under him, the Visigoths codified their laws, in Latin, and saw their Gallic lands to their widest extent. However, the Visigoths came under pressure from the growing Frankish kingdom and in 507 Euric’s successor, Alaric II, was defeated and killed at the Battle of Poitiers by Clovis. Consequently, the Visigoths lost all of their Gallic lands bar a thin southern strip called Septimania. Their remaining kingdom was much of Spain, with a capital at Toledo. Holding together the Iberian Peninsula under one central government has been called a remarkable achievement given the diverse nature of the region. This was helped by the conversion in the sixth century of the royal family and leading bishops to Catholic Christianity. There were splits and rebel forces, including a Byzantine region of Spain, but they were overcome. Defeat and End of the Kingdom In the early eighth century, Spain came under pressure from Umayyad Muslim forces, which defeated the Visigoths at the Battle of Guadalete and within a decade had captured much of the Iberian peninsula. Some fled to the Frankish lands, some remained settled and others found the northern Spanish kingdom of Asturias, but the Visigoths as a nation ended. The end of the Visigothic kingdom was once blamed on them being decadent, easily collapsing once they were attacked, but this theory is now rejected and historians still search for the answer to this day.

Final essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 11

Final - Essay Example She outlines the theme of oppression and power in similar ways. The struggle for power was between the slaves and the owners of plantations who were equally ruling these slaves (Butler 9). However, the novel also shows the struggle for power between the slaves themselves. The slaves were struggling to be in higher or better ranks of slavery that is, the â€Å"field-hands† slaves were fighting to become â€Å"house slaves.† This was because the slaves who worked in the whites’ homes were entitled to proper housing conditions, could eat better foods and were expected to perform less harsh jobs. In her article, Octavia reiterates that in as much as the slaves had to vie to work as house slaves, working in the whites’ houses came with many challenges. These problems were mostly faced by the women who worked there since those roles could mostly be taken up by the females. She gives an example of female slaves who reported rape cases within themselves to maintain their positions of being house slaves. They never had their personal freedoms with their sexual body and could be inhumanly harassed by their owners. This condition of slavery makes Butler create a portrait of emotional charge showing the cruelty in slavery with all the accuracy in history that she can muster (Butler240). The novel points out the aspect of feminism in the slaves’ oppression. Dana is an example of the female slaves who went through domination in 1976, having attained only 26 years by the time of enslavement (Butler29). This shows how the most vulnerable of the blacks (the women) were exploited by the whites’ power since they could not fight for themselves. Dana further expresses her pain in parenthood stating that she seemed to be the worst possible parent. It felt so demeaning bringing up a child in a society where she felt so inferior (Butler 77). The theme of motherhood in slavery is equally emphasized in the novel.

The Welfare State In the United States of America (Microeconomics) Term Paper

The Welfare State In the United States of America (Microeconomics) - Term Paper Example Funded and managed by the U.S. government, these programs aspire towards ensuring economic security, universal access to resource for self-development and the reduction of social suffering, such as poverty and illness (Barr 4). Modern liberalism is the guiding philosophy of the United States Welfare System (McGowan 7). The philosophy says that individual liberty depends on positive rights such as social security, unemployment benefits, health care, and public education. Historically, welfare in the United States can be traced to the British Poor Laws, which distinguish between those unable to work due to age or physical challenges and those who are medically fit to work but are unemployed (Welfare Information welfareinfo.org). Monetary assistance was given to the former group while public service employment was provided for the later group by the government. Following the American Civil War, the United State Congress passed the Civil War Pension Program to provide aid to Civil War Ve terans and their families (Welfare Information welfareinfo.org). The United States welfare system, as currently known, started under President Franklin D. Roosevelt as a result of the Great Depression. During the Great Depression, one in every four of the American labor force was unemployed and many families underwent great financial hardship. The Franklin D. Roosevelt government stepped in to solve the problem. ... ty Income, Housing and Urban Development programs, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, Head Start, Work Study, Medicare, and Social Security (Welfare Information welfareinfo.org). The politics, benefits and issues related to these programs as well as a comparison of United States welfare programs with welfare programs in other countries will be discussed in the term paper. Welfare programs in the United States: issues and politics Assisting the needy while not encouraging them to seek employment forms the foundation of the politics of the United States welfare programs. By the 1990s, welfare reform dominated the political scene due to a number of reasons. In fact, Republicans campaigned for an â€Å"end to welfare as we know it†, a policy theme, the President Clinton administration embraced (Politics and Social Welfare wps.prenhall.com). The reasons for these reforms were cogent and apparent. First, was the fact that most women can continue to work after childbirth and th ere was no reason for welfare mothers, who stay at home to claim welfare package. Another reason was the observation that some Americans were having more children in order to receive more aid. Furthermore, there was an alarming increase in unmarried mothers, for which welfare package was the incentive. Last, was the increasing number of voluntary unemployment among the labor class. Thus there was increasing dissatisfaction with welfare as epitomized by Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) among many Americans, and welfare reform forms a hot topic in the 1990s. In 1996, the United States Congress passed the Welfare Reform Act that gave the control of welfare system to states. Abolishing the AFDC, the Welfare Reform Act of 1996 support a system of block grants to states, constraining the

Essay --

I have grouped some past literature on the topic and investigations I will be pursuing. Economic growth and how conflict affects GDP per capita growth will be discussed theoretically and through previous empirical analyses. Observations will be made on the assumptions they reach and what they indicate for this paper. 2.1 Economic Growth I first look into the theory and previous studies on economic growth. The reason behind this is to get an idea of what model I will use and which variables to include in my regressions. There have been many empirical studies analysing possible variables which are significant to economic growth. Barro, QJE 1991 uses the neoclassical Solow model (Solow, 1956 and Mankiw et al., 1992) to test for the theory of convergence which states that countries with an initial lower GDP grow more rapidly. This makes economic sense as the country that has been involved in the conflict has a greater amount of growth potential. The country will simply need to recover its lost resources and will fulfil conditional convergence. The neoclassical theory states as a country reaches the steady state an increase in investment will result in diminishing returns on capital. Poor countries, which have lower capital and higher rates of return on capital, will pull alongside to the income levels of rich countries with faster growth rates. As for the variables tested, for 98 countries in the period 1960-1985, the growth rate of GDP per capita is positively related to initial human capital and negatively related to the initial level of real per capita GDP. Growth is inversely related to the share of government consumption in GDP. Growth rates are positively related to measures of political stability and inversely related to a... ...nds. As for the previous empirical studies according to Koubi, there are three different studies conducted on the topic. The existing empirical studies of the relationship between war and economic performance are one of three types: a) Those that study the unconditional relationship between war and economic growth. b) Those that examine the conditional relationship. And c) those that attempt to identify the mechanisms through which war affects economic growth (Koubi, 2002). My particular study focuses more on the first type as I am not particular examining the intensity, duration or severity of war, however focusing on a particular region and the different effects of civil war within the countries and interstate wars within the region. I will also observe previous studies of another topic that may become of interest as my paper progresses, the spill over effect.

Importance of Distance Education in India

Importance of Distance Education in India Asif Ahmed After independence, India had made tremendous progress in the field of education, though mostly quantitative in nature. Earlier, education was available only to the elites in society, and a large majority of poor and marginalized people remained illiterate. Political considerations have an important role in the expansion of higher education, especially at the state level. The state government experienced tremendous pressure from the public to establish more and more colleges and universities.In a democratic society, even the strong governments find it very difficult to resist such pressures and are compelled to succumb to the same. These considerations have led to fast expansion of higher education in our country, which in turn, have adverse impact upon its quality. Therefore, in order to insure access and education of a reasonably good quality,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   we must think of some alternative system capable of supplementing t he role of conventional system, and distance education is one of such alternatives.The distance education mode was adopted by many universities to meet the ever-growing demand of those students who lacked means to pursue higher education through the regular stream. Also, there were economic constraints. Consequently, many universities in India in various regions started correspondence courses or programs by providing notes, developing a system of evaluation of response sheets. The success of these courses led to the establishment of Indira Gandhi National Open University, which is now rated as one of the best distance courses university in the world.Due to limitations of the formal system of education, policy makers were attracted towards non-conventional modes of education for providing non-residential studies like correspondence courses. The Distance Education mode, in which it is not necessary to bring all the students together to listen to the face-to-face lectures, was consider ed worthwhile. However in distance education system, the provision of occasional meetings between the teachers and the student is made. These meetings are popularly known asPersonal Contact Programmes (PCPs). The learners receive their study material through postal services for study at their home or workplace. The efforts of the students are supplemented by assignments, which are checked and evaluated by the concerned subject experts. So, Correspondence education is a piece and part of open learning. Distance education system is also known by some other common names like Correspondence Courses, Correspondence Education, Distance Education and External or Private Appearance etc.This system of education is suitable for the persons who wanted to enhance their qualifications but were not in a position to attend classes on a regular basis. Such distance courses proved a boon for the service persons as well as others desirous of pursuing higher education. As a result, a large number of i n-service persons, professionals, entrepreneurs, job-less youth, school teachers, housewives and old aged free persons made a beeline for admission to distance education study programmes.The term Distance Education received a formal recognition in 1982 when the four decades old International Council for Correspondence Education was renamed as the International Council for Distance Education. The old concept of distance education was exclusively associated with print material, while the new concept of distance education include supplementary material being used through non-print media, also such as radio, television, computers, laptops, Cd's, through projectors, video lessons and satellites. These institutions may be called the dual mode institutions.Now at present, India has two types of distance education institutions. They are  Ã‚   1. Correspondence courses institutions. 2. Open Universities. Distance education gets overwhelming response in India, the universities introduced ma ny new distance-education job oriented courses according to the changing times and students requirements. However, in this process, the actual motive of providing quality education to all took the backseat as the main focus of universities slowly shifted to making more and more money.Currently in India, the Distance Education departments are generating the maximum revenue for their universities, in many cases more than even the professional and self financing courses. The only thing to check here that the authorities of the universities running distance education courses should sharply ensure that these institutions of higher learning do not get reduced to degree distributing institutes.So universities and distance institutions higher authorities keep ensure that only quality education should be provided through distance learning programmes. In case of research based higher studies or some other professional courses being run through distance education, provisions should be made for the proper library, laboratory and required study related essential equipments and materials for the students in coordination with other related universities running similar programmes or located in the same region.It would rather be more appropriate if an inter-university body is set up by the UGC or The International Council for Distance Education of India coordinated by government educational related authorities to monitor and review the distance education programmes run by different universities and to ensure smooth progress of distance education. The correspondence courses institutions are offering more than 400 programmes in India, about 50 percent of which are professional in nature. The enrollment in these institutions is of the order of 9,00,000 in year 1999, which forms 11. 4 percent of the total enrollment in higher education in the country. An important point to be noted here is that the growth rate of enrollment in correspondence and distance education mode has been hi gher than that of higher education in general (Period,1990-2000,Source-UGC Reports). Distance Education makes it eminently possible to democratize higher education to provide access to high quality education to all, to offer need-based academic programmes, to promote and reach quality education to the learner's to their doorstep, and to set and maintain standards in higher education.Relaxed entry and exit regulation, self-appointed pace of study, flexibility in selection of courses, self-determined place of study and examination. Freedom to pursue one's study at any other place simultaneously and cost effectiveness is the reason's instrumental in making the experiment in distance education a success. The annual enrolment in Open Universities in our country has gone up from 2,00,939 to 3,50,000 in just three years, i. . , from 1995 to 1998. It is an increase of about 74 percent. Similarly the cumulative enrolment has almost doubled from 5,71,983 in 1995 to 10,50,000 in 1998. The worl d of technology is being reshaped by global trends such as convergence, increased bandwidth, enhanced multimedia capabilities, miniaturization, environmental variations, increase mobility, enhanced processing power, more powerful cognitive tools and reduced cost.These trends support transition across four generations in distance education models and associated delivery technologies: Correspondence Model (Print), Multimedia Model (Print; Audio-Video, Counselling sessions and continuous Evaluation Methods, TV / Radio Broadcast); Teleconferencing Model (One way video and Two way Audio teleconferencing, Interactive Phone-in-Radio Counselling) and Computer Aided Learning (Interactive Multimedia, Internet-Based Access better known as community Access Device to www resources) and new techniques of making of Video Lessons and provide and avail these to students in the form of Cd's.So we can say that distance education mode has become very popular and common in India, because it is catering to a wide range of aspirants (students), who are willing to upgrade their educational qualifications for various reasons. The Distance education system provides opportunities not only to younger students but also to those from the older age groups. The main reasons for increasing interest in Distance education lies in the need for continuing education in today's competitive world. Every people always try to add value to their competence in their bid to advance their carrier further.Distance Education is also very cheaper to compare with regular mode of education. Distance education has greatly reduced the wall of distance between education and a normal student beyond the long distance of home or work place to university. Now just a little need to increase the need to make it professional and employability part of education community. References Ambika Sharanjit Kaur (1996): Managing Distance Education, Deep and Deep Publications, New Delhi. A. W. Khan. â€Å"Online distance learnin g: A model for development countries†.Keynote address delivered at the international conference EDUNET-99 on Internet and Education held at Chennai on December 16-17, 1999. D. Pulla Rao, Article â€Å"Development of Correspondence Education in India: An Appraisal†. Indian Journal of Adult Education, Vol. 67,No. 3-4, July-December 2006, pp. 59-64. Inayat Khan (1989): Distance Teaching, Amar Parkashan, New Delhi. J. C. Taylor, â€Å"Flexible delivery: Globalization of lifelong learning†. Indian Journal of Adult Education, Vol. 7,(1), July-December 2006, pp. 55-67. Prithipal Singh Kapoor, Article â€Å"Distance Education Needs Revamp†.The Tribune, Chandigarh. Saumitra Mohan and K D Prasad, Article â€Å"Distance Education: Insider's Story†. Third Concept. July 2001, pp. 55-58. Sumit Dhawan, Article â€Å"Time to Review Distance Education†. The Tribune, Chandigarh, May 15, 2007 Venugopal Reddy, V and Manjulika, S(1996): Distance Education in Indi a; A Model for Developing Countries, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. , New Delhi. Article- â€Å"Distance Education in  India†. Published in THIRD CONCEPT (An International Journal of Ideas, ISSN 09070-7247). November 2007 issue on page no 29-32.

About the Greek Playwright Sophocles

Sophocles was a playwright and the second of the 3 greatest Greek writers of tragedy (with Aeschylus and Euripides). He is known best for what he wrote about Oedipus, the mythological figure who proved central to Freud and the history of psychoanalysis. He lived through most of the 5th century from 496-406 BCE, experiencing the Age of Pericles and the Peloponnesian War. Early Life Sophocles grew up in the town of Colonus, just outside Athens, which was the setting of his tragedy Oedipus at Colonus. His father, Sophillus, thought to have been a wealthy nobleman, sent his son to Athens for an education. Public and Religious Offices Held by Sophocles In 443/2 Sophocles was hellanotamis or treasurer of the Greeks and managed, with 9 others, the treasury of the Delian League. During the Samian War (441-439) and the Archidamian War (431-421) Sophocles was strategos general. In 413/2, he was one of the board of 10 probouloi or commissioners in charge of the council. Sophocles was a priest of Halon and helped introduce the cult of Asclepius, god of medicine, to Athens. He was honored posthumously as a hero (Source: Greek Tragedy An Introduction, by Bernhard Zimmerman. 1986.) Dramatic Accomplishments Seven complete tragedies out of more than 100 survive; fragments exist for 80-90 others. Oedipus at Colonus was produced posthumously. Oedipus TyrannusOedipus at ColonusAntigoneElectraTrachiniaeAjaxPhiloctetes In 468 BCE, Sophocles defeated the first of the three great Greek tragedians, Aeschylus, in a dramatic competition; then in 441 BCE, the third of the tragedian trio, Euripides, beat him. During his long life, Sophocles earned many prizes, including about 20 for 1st place. Here are his prize dates (when known): Ajax (440s)Antigone (442?)ElectraOedipus at ColonusOedipus Tyrannus (425?)Philoctetes (409)Trachiniae Sophocles increased the number of actors to 3 (thereby reducing the importance of the chorus). He broke from Aeschylus thematically-unified trilogies, and invented skenographia (scene painting), to define the background.